Sick nonholonomic problem

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Consider a hoop of mass ##m## that is situated on a horizontal plane and rolls forward without slipping. The radius of the hoop, if I may be so bold, is a given function of time ##r=r(t)##. These are the ideal constraints.
Let ##x,y## be the coordinates of the hoop's center ##S## and let ##\psi## be its angle of rotation. I can give a formal definition of what this is if needed. The constraints are ##y=r,\quad \dot x=r\dot\psi##.
The kinetic energy is
$$T=\frac{m}{2}\Big(\dot x^2+\dot r^2\Big)+\frac{m}{2}\Big((r\dot\psi)^2+\dot r^2\Big).$$
Taking ##x,\psi## for generalized coordinates, we have
$$L=\frac{m}{2}\dot x^2+\frac{m}{2}(r\dot\psi)^2,\quad [L]_x\delta x+[L]_\psi\delta\psi=0,$$
where ##\delta x=r\delta\psi.##

my answer is
$$\dot\psi(t)=\frac{C}{r^{3/2}(t)}.$$





Screenshot_20260128_164331.webp
 
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Gemini can't solve this problem. It writes all the formulas correctly except for the final step, when it substitutes the equation of constraint into the Lagrangian and gets the incorrect equations. That is a classic pitfall in nonholonomic systems.
 
Don't trust Gemini, try GPT (the pro version).
 
Do that. will see how GPT deals with it
 

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