String theory vs Quantum field theory

In summary, string theory and quantum field theory are two frameworks used to describe fundamental forces and particles in the universe. Quantum field theory (QFT) focuses on point-like particles and their interactions through fields, successfully explaining phenomena in particle physics. In contrast, string theory posits that the most basic building blocks of the universe are one-dimensional strings rather than point particles, aiming to unify all fundamental forces, including gravity, within a single theoretical framework. While QFT has been experimentally validated, string theory remains largely theoretical, seeking to address limitations in QFT, such as the incompatibility with general relativity.
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KleinMoretti
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what does it mean for QFT if string theory turns out to be correct?
So QFT treats particles as excitations of their underlying quantum field, meaning that fields are more fundamental than particles. Then String theory comes in and says that actually strings are the fundamental building block of the universe and that the different particles are vibrating strings. Do the 2 theories really contradict each other or am I misunderstanding something, like what happens to the quantum field of QFT in string theory, are they completely gone or do they have a place in the theory?
 
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According to string theory, QFT is still valid as an effective approximate theory.
 
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FAQ: String theory vs Quantum field theory

What is string theory?

String theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. These strings can vibrate at different frequencies, and their vibrations correspond to different particles. String theory aims to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics, providing a unified description of all fundamental forces and particles in the universe.

What is quantum field theory?

Quantum field theory (QFT) is a fundamental theory in physics that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. It describes how particles interact through fields, treating particles as excitations or quanta of these underlying fields. QFT is the framework for understanding the behavior of subatomic particles and is the basis for the Standard Model of particle physics.

How do string theory and quantum field theory differ?

The primary difference between string theory and quantum field theory lies in their fundamental entities. In quantum field theory, particles are treated as point-like objects, whereas string theory posits that the fundamental constituents are one-dimensional strings. This distinction leads to different mathematical frameworks and implications, particularly in how gravity is incorporated, with string theory naturally including a quantum theory of gravity.

Can string theory be tested experimentally?

As of now, string theory has not been directly tested experimentally due to the energy scales involved being far beyond current experimental capabilities. The theory predicts phenomena such as extra dimensions and the existence of specific types of particles, but these predictions remain untested. Researchers are exploring indirect evidence and potential experimental signatures that might arise from string theory, but concrete experimental validation is still a challenge.

Is string theory a complete theory of everything?

String theory is often referred to as a candidate for a "theory of everything" because it seeks to unify all fundamental forces and particles within a single framework. However, it is not yet complete, as many aspects of the theory remain speculative and unproven. Additionally, string theory has multiple formulations and solutions, leading to questions about its uniqueness and predictive power. Ongoing research aims to address these issues and clarify the theory's status in the quest for a comprehensive understanding of the universe.

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