Terms-analogous, homologous, monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic

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SUMMARY

This discussion clarifies the definitions and applications of key biological terms: monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic, homologous, and analogous. A monophyletic taxon is defined as one where all members share a common ancestor. The discussion highlights that bat wings and butterfly wings are analogous structures, while whale pectoral flippers and horse forelegs are homologous. The term most associated with a clade is confirmed to be monophyletic.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of cladistics and phylogenetic trees
  • Familiarity with biological terminology related to evolution
  • Knowledge of the differences between homologous and analogous structures
  • Basic concepts of taxonomy and classification in biology
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the differences between monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groups in detail
  • Study examples of homologous and analogous structures in various species
  • Explore the significance of shared derived characters in cladistics
  • Learn about the construction and interpretation of cladograms
USEFUL FOR

Students of biology, evolutionary biologists, taxonomists, and anyone interested in understanding the relationships between species and their evolutionary history.

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Can someone please verify if my answers are correct and help me with A

Use your understanding from examining the cladogram to answer the following questions.
Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Choose the most appropriate term from the following list and match it to each situation:

analogous, homologous, monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic

shared derived characters are considered to be ________________

a taxon, all of whose members have the same common ancestor is Monophyletic

bat wing and a butterfly wing are structures that are analogous

whale pectoral flipper and a horse foreleg are structures that are homologous

term that is most appropriately associated with clade is monophyletic
 
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