The cold interior of the Sun seen in a sun spot

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the phenomenon of sunspots, specifically addressing the temperature differences observed between the photosphere and the regions associated with sunspots. Participants explore the mechanisms behind the reduced temperatures in these areas and challenge assumptions about the nature of sunspots.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the surface temperature of the sun is approximately 5800K, while the temperature in sunspots can drop to around 3800K, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms.
  • Another participant cites a Wikipedia article, explaining that sunspots are areas of reduced temperature due to magnetic field concentrations that inhibit convection, leading to heat loss through electromagnetic radiation.
  • A different viewpoint suggests that sunspots should not be viewed as holes in the photosphere, implying a misunderstanding of their nature.
  • Another participant describes sunspots as regions where solar magnetic field lines converge, creating a "cool oasis" that has been observed on other stars, indicating that this phenomenon is not unique to the Sun.
  • A later reply expresses understanding of the explanations provided, indicating engagement with the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple competing views on the nature of sunspots and their temperature characteristics, with no consensus reached on the interpretation of these phenomena.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the nature of sunspots and their relationship to the photosphere remain unresolved, particularly regarding the implications of magnetic fields and convection processes.

oz93666
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The sun we see has a measured surface temperature of 5800K. This is the temperature of the photosphere , a glowing layer of plasma radiating energy from the sun.

But when there is a hole in this layer and we look deeper into the interior the temperature drops to 3800K.
How can this possibly be explained?

spspIMG1424.jpg
 
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oz93666 said:
How can this possibly be explained?

To quote wikipedia's article on sunspots: They are areas of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection.

Heat is lost from the region in the form of EM radiation, but the lack of convection means that there is no heat transfer from the inside to replace the lost heat. Hence the entire region cools down. Eventually the magnetic field flux breaks down, convection resumes, and the sunspot disappears.
 
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Or, in other words, the sunspot is not a hole in the photosphere as assumed by the OP.
 
A sunspot is merely a place where solar magnetic field lines converge and impede radiant emissions from the sun - a cool oasis in other words. This phenomenon has been detected on other stars, so its not really considered peculiar.
 
Thanks for the replies...I get it!
 

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