Tough stuff the universe is like a crystal

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    Crystal Universe
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SUMMARY

The universe exhibits characteristics akin to a crystal, as evidenced by the presence of large cosmic structures such as galaxies and galactic nuclei. Research by Borge Nodland and John P. Ralston indicates anisotropy in electromagnetic propagation over cosmological distances, challenging the uniformity of the Big Bang model. Observations of the cosmic microwave background reveal large-scale patches, further supporting the notion of inhomogeneity in the universe. This discussion highlights the need for further investigation into the space-time background and the potential for detecting anisotropic features in cosmic structures.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of cosmic structures, specifically galaxies and galactic nuclei.
  • Familiarity with the cosmic microwave background and its significance in cosmology.
  • Knowledge of anisotropy and its implications in electromagnetic propagation.
  • Basic grasp of the Big Bang theory and its uniformity assumptions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of anisotropy in electromagnetic propagation in cosmology.
  • Study the cosmic microwave background and its large-scale structures.
  • Explore the concept of inhomogeneity in the universe and its observational evidence.
  • Investigate alternative models to the Big Bang theory that account for cosmic structure variations.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, cosmologists, and researchers interested in the fundamental nature of the universe, particularly those examining cosmic structures and the implications of anisotropy in cosmological models.

big-egg
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The universe acts like a crystal [1] because the observed universe is made of huge cosmic scale atoms some seen as galaxies and galactic nuclei [2].

1. http://www.cc.rochester.edu/College/RTC/Borge/aniso.html
Indication of anisotropy in electromagnetic propagation over cosmological distances, by Borge Nodland and John P. Ralston, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, page 3043, April 1997.
2. http://www.world-mysteries.com/sci_10_eusa.htm
http://www.world-mysteries.com/toi_esavov.htm

There are galaxies, heavy elements and large-scale structures in the most distant accessible universe [3-9].

3. http://www.astronomy.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/001/185qtocj.asp
4. http://www.astronomy.com/content/dynamic/articles/000/000/001/256sitgq.asp
5. http://www.astronomy.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/000/785llgvk.asp
6. http://hubble.gsfc.nasa.gov/survey/hubbledev/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2004/07/text/index.html
7. http://au.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0311279
8. http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2004/0107filament.html
9. http://www.astronomy.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/000/935khpwu.asp

The cosmic microwave background shows large-scale patches [10,11].

10. http://www.ras.org.uk/html/press/jod0402.html
11. http://users.indigo.net.au/don/links.html

What else do you need to debunk the uniformity of the big bang universe beginning?

What else we do need change the space-time background in the current understanding?
 
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Is there any evidence of inhomogeneity or anisotropy in the universe that can be detected?
 

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