I Understanding Special Relativity and Coordinates

Click For Summary
Special relativity involves understanding spacetime as an affine space associated with a four-dimensional vector space, where no basis is prechosen for coordinates. The metric defined on this vector space has a signature of (+,−,−,−), which is characteristic of standard Cartesian coordinates. The Lorentz group describes linear transformations between standard bases, while the Poincaré group encompasses affine transformations, both maintaining the same metric signature. Coordinates are mapped from the affine space to real numbers, with inertial coordinates corresponding to the standard Cartesian basis. The signature of the fundamental form remains consistent regardless of the chosen basis, emphasizing its independence from coordinate selection.
lriuui0x0
Messages
101
Reaction score
25
I'd like to get some help on checking my understanding of special relativity, specifically I'm trying to clarify the idea of coordinates. Any comment is really appreciated!

The spacetime is an affine space ##M^4##, which is associated with a 4 dimensional real vector space ##\mathbb{R}^4##. This vector space is abstract, and no basis is prechosen, so there's no canonical way to define what the coordinate might be.

There's a metirc g defined on the vector space ##\mathbb{R}^4##. This inner product has the property that for a particular set of basis, it has ##(+,−,−,−)## signature. Such a basis is a standard Cartesian basis, which is not unique.

The linear maps ##\mathbb{R}^4 \to \mathbb{R}^4## between the sets of standard basis form the Lorentz group. The affine maps ##M^4 \to M^4## between the set of standard basis form the Poincare group. All such maps have the metric signature ##(+, -, -, -)##.

Coordinates is a map ##M^4 \to \mathbb{R}^4## (here ##\mathbb{R}^4## means a four real number tuple, not an abstrct vector space). Any Cartesian basis at a point defines a Cartesian coordinates by defining the coordinates to be the components of the vector. The standard Cartesian coordinates defined as above is the same as the coordinates being inertial. Other coordinates are non-inertial, in which the metric components don't have ##(+, -, -, -)## signature.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
The signature of a fundamental form (it's a better word than "metric", because the "metric" in relativity is not really a metric, because it's not positive definite) is independent of the choice of basis.
 
vanhees71 said:
The signature of a fundamental form (it's a better word than "metric", because the "metric" in relativity is not really a metric, because it's not positive definite) is independent of the choice of basis.
Fundamental form is already used in "the first and second fundamental forms".
 
I guess that's where the naming comes from since Gauss's theory of curved surfaces is the paradigmatic example for the use of a differentiable manifold.
 
Thanks for the checking!
 
The Poynting vector is a definition, that is supposed to represent the energy flow at each point. Unfortunately, the only observable effect caused by the Poynting vector is through the energy variation in a volume subject to an energy flux through its surface, that is, the Poynting theorem. As a curl could be added to the Poynting vector without changing the Poynting theorem, it can not be decided by EM only that this should be the actual flow of energy at each point. Feynman, commenting...

Similar threads

Replies
5
Views
510
Replies
8
Views
1K
Replies
29
Views
3K
Replies
34
Views
5K
Replies
8
Views
2K
Replies
5
Views
1K