I Vacuum decay likelihood and consequences

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Vacuum decay is a theoretical concept that some scientists consider, but its likelihood is generally viewed as low and often categorized as speculative. While extreme scenarios suggest it could lead to the destruction of the universe, the specifics of such an event remain unclear and are largely seen as sensationalized. The potential consequences of vacuum decay might include a catastrophic alteration of physical laws, but this remains hypothetical. In contrast, the impending collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies poses a more immediate concern, as it could result in significant radiation from the merging black holes. Overall, vacuum decay is often regarded as more of a captivating idea for headlines than a serious scientific threat.
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what is the likelihood of a vacuum decay ever happening and what would be the consequences.
what is the likelihood of a vacuum decay happening, like is it something that is really considered and taken seriously by scientists or is it just wild speculation that is not really taken seriously but makes for good headlines?

Also if vacuum decay does happen what exactly would be the consequences, like I have read that the most extreme case is the destruction of the universe but what exactly does that mean, is everything in the universe actually destroyed including the energy of the universe?
 
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I'd vote it "wild speculation" at best. But it makes great click-bait so you'll see it often on pop science websites and news feeds.

Now if you want to worry about something more pressing, Andromeda will collide with the Milky Way and probably the central black holes will merge. I afraid that the resulting radiation as the merged galaxy becomes a quasar will wipe out all life. Even if we have interstellar travel by then there's nowhere in the galaxy to hide. 😅
 

Thread 'Angular Momentum Vector and Its Magnitude'

For the quantum state ##|l,m\rangle= |2,0\rangle## the z-component of angular momentum is zero and ##|L^2|=6 \hbar^2##. According to uncertainty it is impossible to determine the values of ##L_x, L_y, L_z## simultaneously. However, we know that ##L_x## and ## L_y##, like ##L_z##, get the values ##(-2,-1,0,1,2) \hbar##. In other words, for the state ##|2,0\rangle## we have ##\vec{L}=(L_x, L_y,0)## with ##L_x## and ## L_y## one of the values ##(-2,-1,0,1,2) \hbar##. But none of these...
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