Vector 2D Problem: Solve for Horizontal Range & Time in Motion

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To solve the problem of a ball fired at an initial speed of 1.70 x 10^3 m/s at a 55-degree angle, one must first break down the initial velocity into horizontal and vertical components using trigonometric functions. The horizontal range can be calculated using the formula R = (v^2 * sin(2θ)) / g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The time of flight can be determined using the vertical motion equation, t = (2 * v * sin(θ)) / g. Understanding that this is a kinematics problem rather than a purely vector problem is crucial for applying the correct equations. Mastery of these foundational concepts is essential for solving similar projectile motion problems effectively.
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I would really appreciate it if you could help me out with this type of problem...I'm struggling a bit on the order of work that I need to do.

Problem: The ball is fired from the ground with an initial speed of 1.70 x 10^3 m/s at an initial angle of 55 degrees to the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance, find:

a) The balls horizontal range?
b) The amount of time the ball is in motion?

My Thoughts: I'm not sure which formulas to begin with...I'm still slightly confused on the operations with component and vector projectile problems in 2D.
 
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This type of question is fundamntal. What equations of motion do you use for your foundation?
 
This is a kinematics problem, not a vector problem.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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