Moridin said:
It is important to remember that this originated directly from religious doctrine and almost a millennium of prior Jewish persecution.
It's also important to recall the far more primitive context of the 16th century.
Where is anyone threatened with torture or house arrest?
I'll readily admit life was tougher before the Modern Age.
Given, the Galileo affair was not as bad as it is sometimes made to look, but it was a clear sign of religious institution suppressing and overtaking open scientific inquiry based on religious dogma.
Not simply based on religious dogma, but secular philosophy as well. The Church didn't start the inquest against Galileo, his peers did. At the time, the Church sat at the top of an academic authority that settled disputes amongst faculty in various fields and institutions. At the time, it made sense, many of the best educated men in Europe were clerics and the best academic institutions in were clerically run. You might consider them the equivalent of a National Academy of Sciences or a Board of Regents with authority and swords at their disposal. The Index itself was subject to review and disputed within the secular and clerical bureacracies. It's not a perfect system organizationally, especially when combined with the force of law, but it's not terribly dissimilar from the defanged structure of the modern academy. And for good reason; even today we understand the necessity of having some bureaucracy to weed out good scholarship from bad; exacting retribution against those who abuse their credentials in order to deter kookery and fraud.
After all, the bible teaches that the Earth is flat and still under a solid firmament of stars and the like.
A better way to put it is that one interpretation of Scripture confirms this old natural philosophy. It was discarded long ago by serious institutions, Catholic or otherwise, and at roughly the same time. The dispute is over the Church's delay in issuing an apology and correction over its error in handling the Galileo affair, and that is an argument over process rather than knowledge.
The Church did not vindicate him until 400 years later.
That's like complaining about a newspaper that doesn't issue a correction over an incorrect story despite it treating the facts in a more enlightened fashion in future reporting. Few if any institutions, academic or otherwise, feel obligated to issue clear mea culpa over process simply because of an occasional wrong result.
Let's not forget the treatment of Kepler and Newton with them being non-trinitarians / arians and not mentioning god in Principia (Newton's Hypothesis non fingo).
We can tie this into the Galileo affair, which unsurprisingly occurred in the same segment of history. The Church has felt no need to apologize for a lack of enlightened procedure in an era where enlightenment was generally lacking. Otherwise, we'd be asking for ancient universities to apologize for failure to adhere today's scholastic standards in their early history. It's easier and surprisingly more honest just to forgive yourself of youthful indiscretion.