What are the strange absorption peaks on this solar spectrum?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the identification of strange absorption peaks observed in a solar spectrum taken during a Physics lab. Participants explore potential explanations for these features, considering both atmospheric effects and the calibration of the spectrometer used for the measurements.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant initially speculates that the absorption peaks might indicate a solar prominence but later doubts this due to potential issues with the spectrometer.
  • Another participant questions the specifics of the observed peaks, asking for clarification on their position relative to the sun.
  • A later post suggests that the absorption features at ~690, 720, and 760 nm are likely due to telluric absorption by molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, specifically water.
  • Some participants discuss the accuracy of the wavelength calibration, with one suggesting that if the data is not properly normalized, the observed features could be misidentified as O2 lines instead of H2O.
  • There is a mention of using Wien's displacement law to calculate the peak energy output from the sun, raising questions about the accuracy of the observed wavelengths.
  • One participant expresses uncertainty about the presence of H2O in the sun's atmosphere, suggesting it is unlikely.
  • Another participant reflects on their previous observations, noting that they misremembered the relative strengths of O2 and H2O lines in different spectra.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the nature of the absorption peaks. There are competing views regarding the calibration of the spectrometer and the identification of the absorption features, with some attributing them to atmospheric effects while others question the accuracy of the measurements.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty regarding the calibration of the spectrometer and the accuracy of the observed wavelengths. There are also unresolved questions about the presence of specific molecules in the solar spectrum and their implications.

BucketOfFish
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I was taking solar spectra yesterday for a Physics lab, and I found this strange phenomenon slightly to the left of the sun. I think it might be a solar prominence, but then again I know absolutely nothing about astronomy. What is it?

(The graph is intensity vs. wavelength)

http://www.imgur.com/FfZxd

EDIT: I can't get the image to show, but the link is http://imgur.com/FfZxd. The absorption peaks are at 760.15 nm and 761.18 nm.
 
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How far to the left are we talking about here? A few arcseconds?
 
here's the image for easy viewing :)

attachment.php?attachmentid=44253&stc=1&d=1329954922.png




Dave
 

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Never mind, it turns out it's probably just the cheap spectrometer giving faulty readings. No strange solar phenomena today.
 
BucketOfFish said:
Never mind, it turns out it's probably just the cheap spectrometer giving faulty readings. No strange solar phenomena today.

No worries! Keep up the experiments!
 
The features seen at ~690, 720 and 760nm are due to absorption of the sunlight by molecules (water, I think) in the Earth's atmosphere. They are otherwise known as telluric absorption features.
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines

If the spectrographic data is properly normalized and calibrated (obviously it is not), then those would be O2 lines. Now, do you think that molecular oxygen might exist in a G-type star? If not, where might molecular oxygen exist between your telescope and the sun?

Also, looking at the data, I am not convinced the wavelengths are accurate. You should be able to calculate what the peak energy output from the sun is from Wein's displacement law. If the wavelengths are off, then that might be H2O instead of O2. Now, where could H2O exist? In the sun's atmosphere? Probably not.
 
vociferous said:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines

Also, looking at the data, I am not convinced the wavelengths are accurate. You should be able to calculate what the peak energy output from the sun is from Wein's displacement law. If the wavelengths are off, then that might be H2O instead of O2. Now, where could H2O exist? In the sun's atmosphere? Probably not.

I am not sure if these questions are directed at me, but I'll answer anyway. The wavelength calibration looks okay to me. The Calcium H & K lines appear to be located at their expected positions (393.4 and 396.9nm), as do the Sodium D line (~589nm) and the hydrogen alpha (656.3nm), to name just a few.

Also, the telluric features are labelled in the solar spectrum shown on that wiki page.
 
matt.o said:
I am not sure if these questions are directed at me, but I'll answer anyway. The wavelength calibration looks okay to me. The Calcium H & K lines appear to be located at their expected positions (393.4 and 396.9nm), as do the Sodium D line (~589nm) and the hydrogen alpha (656.3nm), to name just a few.

Also, the telluric features are labelled in the solar spectrum shown on that wiki page.

It was directed at the OP, but I just looked at some spectra of various objects I took last year and I guess I was misremembering the O2 lines being weaker than the H2O lines (except for Saturn, where H2O was almost as strong as O2, which may be partially due to extraterrestrial O2 combining with atmospheric O2).
 

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