What happens to neutrons after they are radiated?

  • Thread starter DragonPetter
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In summary, during certain processes, free neutrons can be created. These neutrons can then be scattered by a beam into a cloud called neutron skyshine. What happens to these neutrons that float around is unknown, but they may decay into protons and electrons.
  • #1
DragonPetter
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During certain processes, there can be free neutrons. If an accelerator beam hits into a target, it can spray neutrons into a cloud, called neutron skyshine for example. What happens to these neutrons that float around?

My guess would be that they float around until they beta decay into a proton and an electron. What happens to these protons and electrons?

Sorry for my very limited knowledge on this.
 
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Some neutrons may hit other nuclei and produce some radioactive isotopes. The majority decays into protons and electrons. The protons eventually capture an electron and become hydrogen atoms that diffuse away. The quantities of hydrogen are so minute that they are undetectable.
 
  • #3
Depends what materials are around them, to some extent. They bounce around and loose their KE to the nucleii they bounce into. Bodies that bump into like-masses transfer the greatest magnitudes of energy, so water, or fully saturated hydrocarbons like polyethylene, will slow down the neutrons until they become 'thermal' the quickest. This process is called 'moderation'. Usually, the neutrons will then just float around, like hydrogen in a sponge, until a nucleus absorbs the thermal neutron and undergoes 'activation'.

'Activation' products are [obviously] more neutron-heavy that they were before, so usually decay by electron emission, leaving behind the proton and causing that nucleus to transform into the next element up. Some nucleii will absorb thermal neutrons so readily that effectively none will remain in a very short period of time after moderation.

However, they may also moderate into other materials that do not readily absorb neutrons, and those neutrons would then decay with a half-life of around 20 mins into a hydrogen atom. This can get pretty serious for nuclear reactors because what effectively happens, with enough neutrons, is that surrounding metals such as stainless steel exposed to neutron flux will become 'sponge-like' - filled with interstitial hydrogen which embrittles the metal.
 
  • #4
Thanks for your answers; very helpful!
 

1. What exactly is radiation?

Radiation is the process of energy being emitted in the form of particles or waves from a source. This can occur naturally, such as from the sun, or can be artificially produced, such as in nuclear reactions.

2. How are neutrons radiated?

Neutrons can be radiated through various processes, including radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, and particle accelerators. In these processes, the neutron is ejected from an atom's nucleus with high energy.

3. What happens to neutrons after they are radiated?

After being radiated, neutrons can undergo a variety of interactions. They can be absorbed by other atoms, collide with other particles, or decay into protons and other particles. The specific outcome depends on the energy and type of radiation.

4. What are the potential effects of radiated neutrons?

The effects of radiated neutrons depend on the amount and type of radiation. High levels of radiation can damage living cells and tissues, leading to health problems. Neutrons can also cause changes in materials, such as altering their physical or chemical properties.

5. Can neutrons be controlled or stopped after being radiated?

Neutrons can be controlled and stopped through various methods. These include using shielding materials, such as lead or concrete, to absorb or deflect the neutrons, or using specialized equipment, such as nuclear reactors, to manipulate and control the neutrons' energy and direction.

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