What is linear acceleration in uniform circular motion?

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Linear acceleration in uniform circular motion refers to the acceleration that occurs when an object's speed changes while moving along a circular path. In the discussed scenario, the object is slowing down, indicating that it is not in uniform circular motion. The linear acceleration can be broken down into two components: radial (toward the center of the circle) and tangential (along the path of motion). The confusion arises from the misconception that linear acceleration must always be tangent to the trajectory; however, in this case, it includes a component directed toward the center due to the change in speed. Understanding these components is essential for accurately analyzing the motion.
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What is "linear acceleration" in uniform circular motion?

Yesterday, I took an exam and it was asked a concept that we hadn't studied, at least in the way it was written.

The exercise explained that a circular motion was decreasing its velocity, and we had to be able to identify which of the following diagrams represent linear velocity (no problem, I can identify and calculate it) as well as linear acceleration (problem, a concept that I can't find anywhere, either on Internet)

These were the 3 diagrams:

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I chose the first one because I thought (as well as most of my classmates) that as the acceleration is linear, it must be tangent to the trajectory, as with linear velocity. Moreover, it must have the opposite direction because the velocity is decreasing so acceleration is negative. However, according to my teacher, the correct one is the third one, because linear acceleration always goes to the center of the tragectory.

Which is the correct one?

Thanks.
 
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Linear acceleration is plain old acceleration. The modifier linear is there so you know the problem isn't asking about the rotational acceleration of the object.

You have a two-dimensional problem, so the acceleration a will have two components. For this problem, the most useful way to resolve a is into radial and tangential components. Which way do those components point in this case?

By the way, this isn't uniform circular motion because the object is slowing down. Uniform circular motion occurs when the object moves at a constant speed.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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