What is the average number of planets per star?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the occurrence rate of planets around stars, specifically focusing on the average number of planets per star in the Milky Way galaxy. Participants explore the challenges in estimating this number and the definitions of planets in the context of exoplanet research.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks sources on the occurrence rate of any type of planet, not just Earth-like ones.
  • Another participant notes that current technologies for detecting exoplanets may not provide a reliable estimate of the average number of planets per star, suggesting that many smaller planets may remain undetected.
  • It is mentioned that stars with at least one planet are common, and those with multiple planets are not unusual, with a particular emphasis on the unexpected prevalence of 'hot Jupiters.'
  • A question is raised about the existence of a definition for what constitutes a planet in the context of other stars.
  • A later post references a 2012 study suggesting that there may be at least one planet per star in the Milky Way, with specific estimates for different types of planets, indicating that stars are generally orbited by planets.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the average number of planets per star, with multiple viewpoints and uncertainties expressed regarding definitions and detection capabilities.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in current detection technologies and the potential for undiscovered smaller planets, as well as the lack of a universally accepted definition of a planet in exoplanet studies.

Abdul.119
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What is the occurrence rate of planets? I'm not talking about earth-like planets, but any planet in general. I can't find a source that examines this number, all I can find is the average number of earth-like planets. Can anyone lead me to a useful paper/source? Thanks in advance
 
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Our present technologies for detecting exoplanets are not yet advanced enough for a reliable estimate of an average number.
Many smaller planets could exist that we don't yet know about, but more capable technologies are probably not far away in the future.
What has been established so far is that stars having at least one planet is commonplace, and stars with several planets are not unusual.
In particular the ocurrence of very large planets close to the parent star ('hot Jupiters') has been higher than expected.
 
Do we even have a definition for planet that extends to other stars?
 
Abdul.119 said:
What is the occurrence rate of planets? I'm not talking about earth-like planets, but any planet in general. I can't find a source that examines this number, all I can find is the average number of earth-like planets. Can anyone lead me to a useful paper/source? Thanks in advance
According to a study done in 2012 and published in Nature, there may be as many as one planet, or more, per star in the Milky Way galaxy.
We find that
nature10684-m1.jpg
of stars host Jupiter-mass planets (0.3–10 MJ, where MJ = 318 M
glyph.gif
and M
glyph.gif
is Earth’s mass). Cool Neptunes (10–30 M
glyph.gif
) and super-Earths (5–10 M
glyph.gif
) are even more common: their respective abundances per star are
nature10684-m2.jpg
and
nature10684-m3.jpg
. We conclude that stars are orbited by planets as a rule, rather than the exception.

Source:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7380/full/nature10684.html - Nature 481, 167-169, January 12, 2012 (arXiv free reprint)

 
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