What is the expected length of the shorter segment when the stick snaps?

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    2016
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The expected length of the shorter segment when a 12-inch wooden stick snaps is calculated using the probability density function defined as \( f_X(x) = \left(\frac{x}{24}\right)\left(1-\frac{x}{12}\right) \) for \( 0 \leq x \leq 12 \). The solution involves integrating this function to find the expected value of the shorter segment. The correct approach was provided by Opalg, who successfully derived the expected length based on the given probability distribution.

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Here is this week's POTW, a problem submission by Track. Thanks, Track!

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I thought y'all could use some more stochastic love. Requires knowledge of calculus-based probability theory.

Suppose a $12$-inch, uniformly-shaped wooden stick is held securely at both ends, such that the stick does not move. The stick is then subjected to significant pressure until it snaps cleanly. Let $X$ be the distance from the left end of the stick at which the break occurs. The probability density function of $X$ is given by:
$$f_X(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{rl}
\left(\dfrac{x}{24}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{12}\right), & 0\le x \le 12 \\
0, & \text{otherwise}
\end{array}\right.$$
What is the expected length of the shorter segment when the stick snaps?

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Congratulations to Opalg for his correct solution, which follows:

The function $f_X(x)$ is symmetric about $x=6$. If the break does not occur in the left half of the stick (at $X$, with $X\leqslant6$) then it will occur at $12-X$ and the length of the shorter segment will again be $X$. Putting these two possibilities together, the expected length of the shorter segment must be $$2\int_0^6xf_X(x)\,dx = \int_0^6\frac{x^2}{12}\Bigl(1-\frac x{12}\Bigr)\,dx = \Bigl[\frac{x^3}{36} - \frac{x^4}{12\cdot48}\Bigr]_0^6 = 6 - \frac94 = \frac{15}4.$$ Thus the expected length of the shorter segment is $3\frac34$ inches.
 

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