What Is the Fourier Transform of Propagators in QFT?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on computing the Fourier transform of the spectral density in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) using the integral expression for \(\rho(p)\). The user successfully computed the case for \(\Delta = 1\) yielding \(\rho(p) \propto \delta(p^2) \theta(p_0)\). However, for \(\Delta \neq 1\), the user encountered difficulties in recovering the expected result of \(\rho(p) = \frac{\Delta -1}{4^{\Delta} \Gamma(\Delta)^2} \theta(p_0) \delta(p^2) (p^2)^{\Delta -2}\) despite performing integrations using the residue theorem and spherical coordinates. The Fourier transform of the exponential function was also discussed, leading to the expression \(F[e^{i p \cdot x}] = (2\pi)^4 \delta(p^2) \theta(p_0)\).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) concepts
  • Familiarity with Fourier transforms in physics
  • Knowledge of the residue theorem in complex analysis
  • Proficiency in performing integrations in spherical coordinates
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  • Study the application of the residue theorem in QFT calculations
  • Learn about the properties of delta functions and Heaviside step functions
  • Explore advanced techniques in Fourier analysis specific to QFT
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L0r3n20
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I've been assigned the following homework:
I have to compute the spectral density of a QFT and in order to do so I have to compute Fourier tranform of the following quantity (in Minkowsky signature, mostly minus)

[itex]\rho\left(p\right) = \int \frac{1}{\left(-x^2 + i \epsilon x_0\right)^{\Delta}} e^{i p \cdot x} d^4 x[/itex]

Using residual theorem I've been able to compute exactly the case for [itex]\Delta = 1[/itex] and it turns out to be [itex]\rho(p) \propto \delta(p^2) \theta(p_0)[/itex] .
For the case [itex]\Delta \neq 1[/itex] it's a bit tricky but I managed to perform the integration over [itex]x_0[/itex] using the residual once again and I found ([itex]r^2 = x_i x^i[/itex])

[itex]\sum_{k=0}^{\Delta -1} {\Delta-1 \choose k} (i p_0)^k \frac{\Gamma(\Delta -1 - k)}{\Gamma(\Delta)^2} \frac{1}{(2 r)^{2 \Delta+1-k}} \left(e^{i p_0 r} + (-1)^{2 \Delta -1 - k} e^{-i p_0 r}\right)[/itex]

Probably something is wrong since when I perform the remaining integrations (in spherical coordinates) I do not recover the following result:

[itex]\rho\left(p\right) = \frac{\Delta -1}{4^{\Delta} \Gamma(\Delta)^2} \theta(p_0) \delta(p^2) (p^2)^{\Delta -2}[/itex]
Any help would be great.
 
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To compute the Fourier transform of the given expression, use the following equation:F[\rho(p)] = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\left(-x^2 + i \epsilon x_0\right)^{\Delta}} e^{i p \cdot x} d^4 x Using integration by parts, we can rewrite the equation as:F[\rho(p)] = -\frac{i}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{d^4 x}{\left(-x^2 + i \epsilon x_0\right)^{\Delta-1}} \partial_\mu e^{i p \cdot x} d^4 x Substituting in the definition of the Fourier transform, we obtain:F[\rho(p)] = -\frac{i}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \partial_\mu F[e^{i p \cdot x}] d^4 x Using integration by parts once again, we obtain:F[\rho(p)] = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} F[e^{i p \cdot x}] \partial_\mu \left(\frac{1}{\left(-x^2 + i \epsilon x_0\right)^{\Delta-1}}\right) d^4 x The Fourier transform of the exponential is well known and can be computed as follows:F[e^{i p \cdot x}] = (2\pi)^4 \delta(p^2) \theta(p_0)Substituting this into our expression for the Fourier transform of \rho(p), we obtain:F[\rho(p)] = \frac{1}{2\pi} (2\pi)^4 \delta(p^2) \
 

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