MHB What is the Probability of Certain Digits Not Appearing in a Random Selection?

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The discussion focuses on calculating the probabilities of certain digits not appearing in a random selection of digits. For event (a), the probability that 0 does not appear is calculated as 0.59049, derived from the general formula (9/10)^k. Event (b) mirrors the calculation for event (a), while event (c) is expressed as (81/100)^k, indicating the probability that neither 0 nor 1 appears. Event (d) is formulated as 2(9/10)^k - (81/100)^k, representing the probability that at least one of the digits 0 or 1 does not appear. The conversation highlights the complexity of the calculations and the need for clarity in expressing these probabilities.
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What is the probability that among k random digits,

(a) 0 does not appear;

(b) 1 does not appear;

(c) neither 0 nor 1 appears;

(d) at least one of the two digits 0 and 1 does not appear?

Let A and B represents the events in (a) and (b). Express the other events in terms of A and B.

My answer to (a) : $\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{5}\binom{5}{k} (0.1)^k\cdot (0.9)^{5-k}= 0.40951$ = The probability that 0 appears in 5 random digits. So, 0 does not appear in 5 random digits is 1-0.40951 = 0.59049. ∴ In general terms, the answer is $(\frac{9}{10})^k$

My answer to (b):Same as computed for (a)

My answer to (c) :$(\frac{81}{100})^k$

My answer to (d): $ 2(\frac{9}{10})^k - (\frac{81}{100}) ^k$

If A= event (a) and B= event (b) , Other event can be expressed in terms of A and B as event (c)= A*B and event (d) = $A\cup B$
 
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WMDhamnekar said:
My answer to (a) : ## \sum_{k=1}^{5}\binom{5}{k} (0.1)^k\cdot (0.9)^{5-k}= 0.40951 ## = The probability that 0 appears in 5 random digits. So, 0 does not appear in 5 random digits is 1-0.40951 = 0.59049.
That's a very complicated way to work it out.

WMDhamnekar said:
In general terms, the answer is ## (\frac{9}{10})^k ##
That's correct, and a much simpler way to work it out that bears no relation to what came before, so what was the point in that?

WMDhamnekar said:
My answer to (b):Same as computed for (a)
Clearly.

WMDhamnekar said:
My answer to (c) : ## (\frac{81}{100})^k ##
So would your answer to the question "P(none of {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} appears)" be ## \left ( \frac{9^{10}}{10^{10}} \right )^k ##?

WMDhamnekar said:
My answer to (d): ## 2(\frac{9}{10})^k - (\frac{81}{100}) ^k ##
You've got the right idea here, but you need to get (c) right and this should follow.
 
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