What is the solution to the nonlinear differential equation?

  • Context: Undergrad 
  • Thread starter Thread starter Euge
  • Start date Start date
Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The nonlinear differential equation \(\left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^{\!\!2} - y\frac{d^2y}{dt^2} = -1\) was successfully solved by the user Opalg. The solution involves applying specific techniques for nonlinear equations, which are detailed in the discussion. The problem is part of the Problem of the Week (POTW) series on Math Help Boards, emphasizing the importance of following the established guidelines for problem-solving.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of nonlinear differential equations
  • Familiarity with calculus, specifically derivatives and second derivatives
  • Knowledge of mathematical problem-solving techniques
  • Experience with the Math Help Boards community guidelines
NEXT STEPS
  • Study methods for solving nonlinear differential equations
  • Explore advanced calculus concepts related to differential equations
  • Review the guidelines for participating in Math Help Boards discussions
  • Investigate the applications of nonlinear differential equations in real-world scenarios
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students studying differential equations, and anyone interested in advanced calculus problem-solving techniques.

Euge
Gold Member
MHB
POTW Director
Messages
2,072
Reaction score
245
Here is this week's POTW:

-----
Find a general solution of the nonlinear differential equation

$$\left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^{\!\!2} - y\frac{d^2y}{dt^2} = -1$$
-----

Remember to read the https://mathhelpboards.com/showthread.php?772-Problem-of-the-Week-%28POTW%29-Procedure-and-Guidelines to find out how to https://mathhelpboards.com/forms.php?do=form&fid=2!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
This week’s problem was correctly solved by Opalg. You can read his solution below.
Let $u = \dfrac{dy}{dt}$. Then $\dfrac{d^2y}{dt^2} = \dfrac{du}{dt} = \dfrac{du}{dy}\dfrac{dy}{dt} = u\dfrac{du}{dy}$. Then $\left(\dfrac{dy}{dt}\right)^{\!\!2} - y\dfrac{d^2y}{dt^2} = u^2 - yu\dfrac{du}{dy}$, so the given equation becomes $$yu\frac{du}{dy} = 1 + u^2.$$ Separate the variables and integrate, to get $$\int\frac{u\,du}{1+u^2} = \int\frac{dy}y,$$ $$\frac12\ln(1+u^2) = \ln y + \text{const.}.$$ Exponentiate that, to get $\sqrt{1+u^2} = ay$, for some (nonzero) constant $a$. Then $1+u^2 = a^2y^2$, and $\dfrac{dy}{dt} = u = \sqrt{a^2y^2-1}$. Separate the variables and integrate again: $$\int\frac{dy}{\sqrt{a^2y^2-1}} = \int dt.$$ The left side is a standard integral, equal to $\dfrac1a\ln\left(\sqrt{a^2y^2-1} + ay\right)$, so we get $$\ln\left(\sqrt{a^2y^2-1} + ay\right) = at+b,$$ $$\sqrt{a^2y^2-1} + ay = e^{at+b},$$ $$a^2y^2-1 = \left(e^{at+b} - ay\right)^2,$$ $$ -1 = e^{at+b}\left(e^{at+b} - 2ay\right),$$ $$ 2ay - e^{at+b} = e^{-(at+b)},$$ $$ y = \frac1{2a}\left(e^{at+b} + e^{-(at+b)}\right) = \frac1a\cosh(at+b).$$

Since $\sinh^2x - \cosh^2x = -1$, it is almost immediate to check that this satisfies the given differential equation.

There are places in the solution where it would be equally valid to take the negative value of a square root. But that would lead to the same family of solutions $y = \frac1a\cosh(at+b).$
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
5K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K