Which elements/compounds can be liquid on Venus?

[Ontophile]

I understand that, given Earth's distance from the Sun and it's atmospheric pressure, it is possible for liquid water to flow and to rain down on Earth's surface. I also understand that, given Titan's distance from the Sun and it's atmospheric pressure, it is possible for liquid methane to flow and to rain down on Titan's surface. My question is:

Given Venus's distance from the Sun and it's atmospheric pressure, which element(s)/compound(s) COULD (hypothetically) exist as a liquid and flow and rain down on Venus's surface?

 

[Drakkith]

You mean which compounds could exist as BOTH a liquid and a gas? Without evaporation there can be no rain.

 

[Dr_Morbius]

Any element or compound with a melting point less than 460° C and a boiling point greater than 460° C.

 

[Ontophile]

Drakkith-
quite right

Dr_Morbius-
...and which elements/compounds might those be?

 

[pmacias]

On Venus, the extreme temperatures and atmospheric pressure make it unlikely for any liquid to exist on the surface. The average surface temperature on Venus is around 462 degrees Celsius, which is hot enough to melt lead. Additionally, the atmospheric pressure on Venus is about 90 times higher than that of Earth, which would further prevent any liquid from forming on the surface.

However, there are some compounds that could potentially exist as liquids on Venus if certain conditions were met. These compounds include sulfuric acid and carbon dioxide. Sulfuric acid has a boiling point of 337 degrees Celsius, which is lower than the average surface temperature on Venus, so it is possible that it could exist as a liquid. However, it would likely evaporate quickly due to the high temperatures.

Carbon dioxide, which makes up the majority of Venus's atmosphere, has a triple point temperature of -56.6 degrees Celsius. This means that at a specific combination of temperature and pressure, it can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas simultaneously. This triple point could potentially occur in the upper atmosphere of Venus, where the temperature and pressure are lower than on the surface. In this scenario, liquid carbon dioxide could potentially form and flow as rain down to the surface.

Overall, while there are some compounds that could hypothetically exist as liquids on Venus, the extreme conditions on the planet make it unlikely for any liquid to form and flow on the surface.