Why Is Helium Safe to Inhale but Alpha Particles Are Harmful?

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    Alpha Helium Particles
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the safety of inhaling helium compared to the dangers associated with alpha particles. Participants explore the differences between alpha particles and helium atoms, focusing on their composition, stability, and interactions with biological systems.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the difference between an alpha particle and a helium atom, noting both are represented as \stackrel{4}{2}He.
  • Another participant clarifies that alpha particles are not ingested directly; rather, it is alpha emitters that pose a danger due to the energy of ejected particles.
  • A participant draws an analogy comparing the danger of alpha particles to standing before a firing squad versus carrying bullets, emphasizing the energy aspect.
  • It is noted that an alpha particle is a helium nucleus without electrons, while a helium atom includes both the nucleus and an electron shell.
  • A further explanation details that helium atoms are stable and inert, making them less likely to react with the body, whereas alpha particles can ionize atoms and create unstable configurations within biological tissues.
  • Concerns are raised about the potential for alpha particles to knock nuclei out of other atoms, leading to secondary radiation from newly unstable configurations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of inhaling helium versus exposure to alpha particles, with no consensus reached on the broader implications of these differences.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the notation of helium and alpha particles, indicating potential confusion in scientific representation. The conversation also highlights the complexity of interactions between alpha particles and biological systems, which remain unresolved.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to individuals studying nuclear physics, radiation safety, or those curious about the chemical properties of elements and their biological interactions.

littlebilly91
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Why is it safe to suck the helium out of a balloon, but it is dangerous to ingest alpha particles? I guess the main question is what is the difference between an alpha particle and a helium atom?
Aren't they both written as \stackrel{4}{2}He?
 
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You don't really ingest alpha particles, you ingest alpha emitters. What makes alpha decay dangerous is the energy (due to the speed) of the ejected particles.
 
very interesting. thanks!
 
russ_watters said:
What makes alpha decay dangerous is the energy (due to the speed) of the ejected particles.

Same reason why I wouldn't mind a handful of bullets in my pocket, but wouldn't want to stand before a firing squad.
 
Plus, an alpha particle is a Helium nucleus (no electrons) whereas the other is a Helium atom (nucleus with electrons).
 
Helium atoms are composed of a nucleus with 2 protons, 2 neutrons, as well as an electron shell with 2 electrons. The alpha particle consists of the nucleus alone. The fact they are written the same way is just an example of crappy notation in science.

The helium atoms are stable and inert. In other words, they don't go into chemical reactions with your body very easily and don't create any harmful byproducts.

Alpha particles on the other hand have a few different possibilities. Firstly they will look to pick up electrons to form a stable atom and hence they will tend to ionize at least a few atoms as they slow down to sufficiently low speeds. So if you ingest a horde of alpha particles then you start having a lot of electrons stripped from the different elements inside your esophagus and stomach and what not. You can imagine this is bad because then you're creating a lot of unstable configurations which could have more radioactive decay, for example, putting out beta particles.

If the alphas have high enough energy, they could actually knock the nucleus out of some other atoms, which then is again going to generate a lot of secondary radiation from those new unstable configurations. In this case, it would probably be a lot worse, but the same basic effect.
 

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