Reconciling alpha particle mass

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the discrepancies in the mass of alpha particles and helium-4 nuclei, exploring the definitions of atomic mass versus nuclear mass and the implications for calculations in nuclear binding energy. Participants express frustration over inconsistent terminology in various sources.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that alpha particles are identical to helium nuclei but have different mass values, prompting questions about the reasons for this discrepancy.
  • There is a debate about whether the mass of helium-4 provided is the atomic mass or the nuclear mass, with some asserting that the atomic mass includes contributions from electrons.
  • One participant suggests converting the mass difference to kg and dividing by 2, hinting at a familiar result, while another prefers to convert to keV/c².
  • Concerns are raised about the reliability of sources when searching for nuclear mass, with participants expressing the need for clarity between atomic and nuclear mass in scientific literature.
  • Some participants emphasize the importance of using proper sources that clearly distinguish between atomic and nuclear mass to avoid confusion in calculations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the need for clarity in definitions of atomic versus nuclear mass, but there remains disagreement on the interpretation of specific mass values and the reliability of various sources.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include potential misunderstandings of mass definitions, the dependence on the context of the discussion (atomic vs. nuclear), and the variability in source reliability.

Who May Find This Useful

Readers interested in nuclear physics, mass definitions, and reliable scientific sources may find this discussion relevant.

ezfzx
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Ugh ... I remember there was a reason ... but forgot what it was.
So here's 3 bits of information gathered from dozens of sources, textbooks, official sites:
  1. Alpha particles are identical to Helium nuclei.
  2. Alpha particle mass = 4.001506 u
  3. helium-4 nuclei mass = 4.0026032 u
OK, so ... why aren't they the same?
 
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You sure about bit 3 ? Isn't that the isotope mass instead of the nucleus mass ? So 2 electrons minus some energy heavier ?
 
BvU said:
Isn't that the isotope mass instead of the nucleus mass ?
You are referring to the atomic mass, but yes, it is.
 
To make a more explicit hint: find the difference between the two masses, convert to kg, and divide by 2. Does the resulting number look familiar?
 
jtbell said:
convert to kg
I will convert to keV/c2 if you don't mind ... :rolleyes:
 
Orodruin said:
You are referring to the atomic mass
Considered it a reasonable term, since the atomic mass is normally an average over isotopes.
 
He has only one stable isotope and 3) is the atomic mass, not nuclear.
 
mathman said:
He has only one stable isotope and 3) is the atomic mass, not nuclear.
Helium 3 is stable and naturally occurring.
 
OK, so the extra mass is the electrons.
That's fine. But that extra mass gets tacked on when whenever I go searching for the mass of the He-4 "nucleus".
Every source seems to ignore the fact that I'm asking for the "nucleus".
If I'm building nuclear "binding energy" questions, I need reliable numbers.
If the source isn't specific about "atomic" vs. "nuclear" mass ... or worse ... if the source is listed in response to my specific search for "nuclear mass", it can be a little frustrating. I can compare He-4 to an alpha, but what about all the other elements?

I guess the point of the story is to get values from a reliable source.

Readers: What is your favorite reliable source? U.S.Gov? Cern? Stanford? chemicalelements.com?
 
  • #10
ezfzx said:
But that extra mass gets tacked on when whenever I go searching for the mass of the He-4 "nucleus".
You also found the mass of the nucleus.
Just make sure you check which value is given in a source. A proper source will tell you that.
 
  • #11
mfb said:
A proper source will tell you that.

My point exactly.
 
  • #12
Kids ... don't get your data from the back of a truck in a dark alley!
 
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Likes   Reactions: BvU and Orodruin

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