How does the presence of ferrous material affect a compass's accuracy?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around how the presence of ferrous materials affects the accuracy of compass readings, particularly in the context of diving. Participants explore the influence of various weights and distances of ferrous objects on compass behavior, as well as the interaction between multiple compasses.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how much ferrous material at what distance would affect a compass, specifically asking about fifty pounds of steel two feet away.
  • Another participant suggests that the effect of a ferrous object depends on its bearing relative to the compass user, noting that if the object is due north or south, the effect might be less noticeable.
  • A participant shares personal experience with needle nose pliers affecting compass readings visibly from about a foot away, asserting that fifty pounds of steel would significantly impact a compass at two feet.
  • Discussion includes observations that two compasses placed next to each other do not deflect when oriented east to west, but do show deflection when oriented north or south.
  • One participant expresses skepticism about mitigating the effects of ferrous materials on compass accuracy, suggesting that divers face challenges in navigation due to these influences.
  • Another participant notes that while compasses may not be highly accurate for divers, they remain essential tools for navigation, even with potential errors.
  • A later reply references experimental results and intuitively compares the effects of a small compass needle versus a larger mass of steel, indicating that proximity and weight play significant roles in compass deflection.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying opinions on the extent of the effect of ferrous materials on compass accuracy, with no consensus reached on specific distances or weights that would universally apply. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact parameters influencing compass readings.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention the need for calculations and experimental observations, indicating that the discussion may depend on specific conditions and assumptions about the materials and compass types involved.

Who May Find This Useful

Divers, navigators, and individuals interested in the effects of magnetic fields on compass accuracy may find this discussion relevant.

DaveC426913
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As a diver, I'm constantly struggling with accurate compass readings.

How much ferrous material at what distance would affect a compass? For example, would fifty pounds of steel two feet away affect the needle?

If the needle of a compass is magnetic, will the needles on two compii affect each other? At what range? Inches?
 
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DaveC426913 said:
How much ferrous material at what distance would affect a compass? For example, would fifty pounds of steel two feet away affect the needle?
It depends on the bearing of the steel object with respect to you. If it is due north or south, the effect will be smaller, and will possibly go unnoticed by the human eye. Will do a rough calculation if I find more time...
 
I have a pair of common needle nose pliers which I can see affects my compass visibly starting at about a foot away.
Safe bet, then, that 50 pounds of steel would throw a compass off a lot at two feet.

I also have two compasses. Placed next to each other east to west, I see no deflection. The more south or north one or the other is, the more they both vere from magnetic north and try to align with each other.
 
Gokul43201 said:
It depends on the bearing of the steel object with respect to you. If it is due north or south, the effect will be smaller, and will possibly go unnoticed by the human eye. Will do a rough calculation if I find more time...
The point though is that it will render any readings unreliable.

Yes would appreciate some corroboration of this effect.
 
zoobyshoe said:
I have a pair of common needle nose pliers which I can see affects my compass visibly starting at about a foot away.
Safe bet, then, that 50 pounds of steel would throw a compass off a lot at two feet.
Wow. That's a lot.


zoobyshoe said:
I also have two compasses. Placed next to each other east to west, I see no deflection. The more south or north one or the other is, the more they both vere from magnetic north and try to align with each other.
Also wow. I assume when you say next to each other, you mean < ~3".
 
There is no way to mitigate this effect is there? (I mean, other than the obvious: remove the offending metal, or at least balancing it.)

So divers using a compass are fighting a losing battle. I guess using an aluminum tank would be a definite advantage.
 
The compass is indeed not very accurate for a diver swimming around on a wreck. Divers typically only swim a short distance on a compass heading, though, so even a fairly large error won't put a diver more than a few feet from the intended destination. The compass is still an indispensable tool for a diver who needs to do nav.

- Warren
 
DaveC426913 said:
Also wow. I assume when you say next to each other, you mean < ~3".
I mean the compass housings are touching. One compass is two inches in diameter, the other, an inch and a half.
 
With excellent experimental results (thanks zoob), why do a calculation, eh ?

Going purely on intuition (when you can't calculate, you intuit :biggrin:), zoob's results look reasonable : a tiny compass needle, a couple of inches away will have much less effect than 50 lbs of steel a couple of feet away if the needle weighs 10 grams or less (this from the r^{-3} approximation of a dipole field).
 

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