Speed of Blood in Arteriole and Capillaries

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SUMMARY

The speed of blood in an arteriole with a diameter of 0.029 mm, carrying blood at a rate of 6.2 x 10-6 cm3/s, is calculated to be approximately 0.00072 m/s. When this arteriole branches into 340 capillaries, each with a diameter of 4.0 x 10-6 m, the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is significantly larger, resulting in a reduced blood speed of approximately 0.00006 m/s. This reduction in speed is crucial for facilitating the diffusion of materials between blood and surrounding tissues.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of fluid dynamics principles
  • Knowledge of cross-sectional area calculations
  • Familiarity with blood flow rates and measurements
  • Basic concepts of diffusion in biological systems
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  • Research fluid dynamics equations related to blood flow
  • Learn how to calculate cross-sectional areas for various shapes
  • Explore the physiological significance of blood flow speed in capillaries
  • Investigate the role of diffusion in nutrient and gas exchange in tissues
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Students in biology or physiology, medical professionals, and anyone interested in understanding blood circulation dynamics and the importance of blood flow speed in capillary networks.

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(a) An arteriole has a diameter of 0.029 mm and carries blood at the rate of 6.2 10-6 cm^3/s.
What is the speed of the blood in the arteriole?

(b) Suppose the arteriole branches into 340 capillaries, each with a diameter of 4.0 10-6 m. What is the blood speed in the capillaries? (The low speed in capillaries promotes the diffusion of materials to and from the blood.)
 
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What, exactly, have you tried so far?
 
a) What is the cross-section area of the arteriole?


b) What is the total cross-section area of the capillaries?
 

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