Electric potential energy relates to the electrical potential energy of an amount of charge...units are Joules
Electric potential is the electrical potential energy of unit charge (1 coulomb) units are joules per coulomb
In the same way gravitational potential energy refers to the gravitational...
I would like you to clear up this statement "But in terms of your house to the transformer supplying it, yes, the "neutral" and "ground" are connected and are the "return" path of the electricity."
As far as I know the return path is not through the earth.
If any current flows through the Earth...
there are some great references (in pdf) at www.utdallas.edu>LabManuals>3
and detailed analysis of Van der Pauw derivation at www.calvin.udu>MichMAA-2015
An induced emf is generally considered to be due to a changing magnetic flux linkage (Faradays laws)
The Hall emf is caused by a magnetic field (not necessarily changing) causing charge carriers (electrons in a metal) being deflected by the magnetic field.
If the specimen is thin and the probes are close to the edge of the specimen then the size and shape of the specimen are not important.
The technique is common for determining properties of thin semiconductor specimens
to within 3 significant figures these are all the same !
It would be worth checking how each source obtained the value, especially the date when the values were measured.
Methods vary and improve over the years
The resonance length is fractionally longer than the physical length of the tube.
An 'end correction' must be added to the physical length of the tube, this can be determined experimentally.
The problem is not recognising how a temperature scale is DEFINED.
Chose a physical property such as resistance of platinum or the pressure of a gas
Measure the physical property at the two fixed points...0C and 100C (ice and steam point)
The two properties are X0 and X100
Measure the value of...
Great...there is no problem, 13C on the thermodynamic scale is 42C on the thermistor scale...nothing to do with inaccuracy, nothing to do with electronics.
Now I can sign off.
it is not implied by some accurate method...it is given...there are no inaccuracies in these numbers
The "inaccuracies" are due to the misunderstanding of how differences occur with different temperature scales
"Presumably we are to believe that this measurement was made by some accurate method." I am puzzled by this statement...what accurate method are you referring to and how are we being lead to believe?
pleased to see you have the idea.
I made more posts but these were deleted because I apparently was giving too much help !
Unfortunately in deleting my posts a book reference was also deleted.
I recommend Nelkon & Parker Advanced level physics if you want to look into temperature scales and...
I would query that this is a "new" data point! It is the same point (temperature) on a different scale
There are no assumptions in part (a), it specifies the thermistor temp scale