Well I don't derive it like you did. Instead wrote an equation, where the coefficients are unknown:
$$\nabla^{2}_{9}u =c_1U_{i+1,j+1}+c_2U_{i+1,j}+c_3U_{i+1,j-1}+c_4U_{i,j+1}+c_5U_{i,j}+c_6U_{i,j-1}+c_7U_{i-1,j+1}+c_8U_{i-1,j}+c_9U_{i-1,j-1}$$
Then taking the Taylor expansion of all the U's and...