No, you're missing one point. ##I/t## is still constant, but the slope is -ve. So the induced EMF drops to a negative value as soon as ##I## starts decreasing.
Initially, the current is increasing linearly with time. So the time derivative of the magnetic flux though the solenoid (that's the induced EMF, right?) should be constant.
Are you sure? Mind the lifeboat is moving along with the vehicle just before the launch.
The rocket can still redirect slightly South of East with the horizontal component of velocity fixed. What if the vertical component changes only? ##\ddot\smile##
I think, by equilibrium position the author meant to denote the relaxed position of the spring without the mass. Then the final P.E. of the spring is zero, and for the spring-mass system, ##\frac{1}{2}mv^2+mgx+(-\frac{1}{2}kx^2)=0##
But indeed x & y refers to the same length here, if the answer...
The central maximum resides at the normal (or at the centre). Where should the first maximum occur then? Can you somehow approximately relate this distance to the angle you need?
The formula ##\beta=\frac{\lambda D}{d}## denotes the distance of separation between two adjacent maxima (or minima). But you are given the distance between a maximum & the adjacent minimum.
Can you figure it now?
Yes, you're right. What I meant here is that it can be taken as ##mgh## depending on height ##h##; I used it to illustrate my point only.
In this problem, the difference between the PE's all that matters.
To elaborate @haruspex's post, for example, gravitational P.E. is considered zero at Earth surface, just as for the problem you posed. For the mass in this problem, it is ##mgh## at height ##h## from Earth surface.
But actually the gravitational P.E. of an object due to a gravitating body is...
Why not? Energy conservation can be applied to the spring-&-two-mass system. Block B sticks to block A after collision, so what about considering the two blocks jointly as a single one?
Why should they not be? Is considering once ##I## as constant, and another time ##V## as constant, (when ##R## is variable) the same? Are they not related by ##R## itself?
Just note which one between ##I## & ##V## is independent of ##R## for the case in hand. The voltage supply ##V## remains the same for an electric heater, and current is subject to change with resistance, so you need to apply the second formula.
As @mjc123 has pointed out, the solid surface literally remains with the same dimensions (as opposed to the liquid surface forming an arch). The SL & SG surface tension forces (about the points only where the liquid arch meets the solid surface) act opp. to each other. In your diagram it is the...