How to determine the allowable delta max for a beam

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    Beam Delta Max
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the allowable maximum deflection (delta max) for beams, particularly in the context of structural design and safety considerations. Participants explore various approaches, rules of thumb, and factors influencing deflection limits, including material properties and loading conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses difficulty in recalling how to determine allowable deflection for a beam, specifically in relation to plastic deformation failure.
  • Another participant mentions a rule of thumb of 1 inch of deflection per 250 inches of beam length, questioning its accuracy and the basis for this estimation.
  • A third participant notes that deflection limits can vary based on design codes and emphasizes that these rules often apply to beams supported at both ends, suggesting that cantilevered beams require additional considerations for shear and bending at the point of fixity.
  • One participant shares their experience designing long closed tapered tubes, stating they have allowed significant deflection (up to 10 feet) under specific conditions while maintaining a safety factor, and mentions typical everyday loads resulting in much less deflection.
  • Another participant highlights the psychological aspect of deflection limits, noting that maximum permitted deflection may be influenced by user comfort, even if the structure is safe from failure due to stress.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple competing views on allowable deflection limits, with no consensus reached on a single approach or standard. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best practices for determining delta max.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various design codes and rules of thumb, indicating that these may depend on specific applications and loading conditions. There is also mention of safety factors and psychological factors affecting design choices, which may not be universally applicable.

CWIL
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I am struggling to remember how to determine the allowable delta max for a beam.

I am currently modeling the bending forces upon a piece of square tubing, and though developing delta max seems rather straight forward, I can not seem to remeber how to determine just how much deflection I am allowed in that beam.

Essentially... I have my delta max, but how do I know if that much deflection is OK in my design (failure due to Plastic Deformation)

Any input is appreciated

Thanks.
 
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I have seen on another PF thread that 1" of deflection per every 250" of beam is an accepted approach. Is this accurate? What is the basis behind this estimation?

Thanks
 
Depending on the design code being used, there are several different rules of thumb like you cited in Post #2. However, most of these are for beams which are supported at both ends.

In order to check how much max. deflection is allowed before failure (which I don't recommend, since you should always have a factor of safety > 1) using tubing which is cantilevered, I think you must consider shear and bending at the point of fixity, since this is probably the most critical location in the entire beam. The bending is pretty straightforward, but shear stress calculation for closed sections is a little more complicated than for open sections.
 
As noted, codes may have deflection limits for a number of reasons, but I have often designed 100 foot long closed tapered multiple sided tubes with a whopping 10 foot deflection at the free end at max yield stress at the fixed end. But bear in mind that this is with a safety factor of about 2.5 for the max design load case (snow or ice and high winds ), so actual deflections for that case would be about four feet or so, for a design condition that is infrequent and of short duration. Actual everyday load without wind and ice might only be about 1 foot or so. I use a deflection limit of about 1 percent or so for that 'everyday ' typical load case.
 
Based on the application, you would have either a maximum permitted stress or a maximum permitted deflection.

People, for example, do not like walking on a platform that deflects too much, from psychological factor coming into play, even though the platform would be design safe from failure due to stress..
 

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