Bose einsten condensation Definition and 11 Threads

The Gibbs sum is given by $$Z=\sum[\lambda \exp(-\varepsilon/\tau)]^N$$ where ##\lambda\equiv\exp(\mu/\tau)##. Since we are assuming ##\mu>\varepsilon##, we take only the last term of the sum because all others can be neglected. thus $$Z\approx[\lambda \exp(-\varepsilon/\tau)]^N$$ Now...

Imagine we have a cold region of the universe, almost devoid of matter and radiation. Or perhaps in a future universe where the CMB has "cooled" down to sufficiently low "temperatures" Could there be long lived macroscopic Bose-Einstein and Fermionic states of matter there? Could matter...

Can anyone tell me what are those vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC)? Images of these vortex lattices in BEC can be seen here http://www.iap.tu-darmstadt.de/fileadmin/apq/apq_teaching/apq_teaching_ws1213/GESPERRT_moderne_optik/Ketterle_Vortex_Lattices_Science.pdf. Are those...

I am interested in whether or not Bose Einstein condensates have been realized for spin zero stable oxygen isotopes and if so, the maximum density achieved for these condensates. I understand that the quantum spins of oxygen 16 and oxygen 18 are both zero so such condensates would seem to be...

Anyone has the original paper on the Bose-Einstein condensate? Searched on Google without any success.

Just out of curiosity I was wondering what would happen if a Bose-Einstein condensate were placed in a Hadron Collider. Is it even possible?

So I understand that scientists have been able to slow light to extremely low speeds using Bose-Einstein Condensates and even without them (https://physics.aps.org/story/v3/st37) and if I understand this correctly they slow light the same way water or air does; atoms absorb the photons and...

Hello What are some method or references to consider BECs or atom lasers in finite temperatures with Gross-Pitaevskii equation? There is quantum mechanical approach but I want a mean field approach which considers thermal or quantum noises too. If possible, introduce some references. Thank you...

I have now seen it repeated multiple times that a particle (a fermion, perhaps?) moving in a condensate can exchange particles (bosons, most probably) "without effect" -- the version of this that I run into usually goes something like that the energy of the condensate does not change AT ALL...

I haven't learned about this yet in school but I'm assuming as the atoms condense down to a single wavelength the volume of the liquid would be very small. If this condensate was instantly released out of a vacuum and into normal atmospheric pressure, would the volume rapidly expand? Secondly...

It can be easily proved that Bose Einstein condensation can be got in infinite 2D. But what about finite 2D with extreme large "Volume" L^2 ?