Metric tensor Definition and 211 Threads

Hi, I'm curious about the following: taking the point of view of the standard physics of spacetime including EFE's solutions, are there solutions that admit Closed Timelike Curves (CTC) ? In other words: do exist global topologies and Lorentzian metrics solutions of the EFE that support CTCs ...

I'm having trouble understanding the local flatness of GR. So far, my interpretation was that it meant that the metric tensor at an infinitesimal point in spacetime will be equal to some multiple of the Minkowski metric since that's the metric that preserves the speed of light/spacetime...

As I understand from my self-study (and I'm well aware I may be wrong, so please correct me and/or point me in the right direction etc if so), the metric tensor is more or less what describes the shape of a manifold. It's the fundamental object from which most things tend to be derived from...

Does t in a(t) in the FLRW metric correspond to the proper time of the immortal observer, who’s been resting in the CMB reference frame since its emission?

The notion of spacetime curvature is just the same as geodesic deviation. Therefore take for instance two bodies at different altitudes from Earth surface. In order to evaluate their geodesic deviation the two worldlines must start parallel in spacetime (actually in tangent spaces at both...

I'd ask for clarification about the symmetries of (pseudo) Riemannian manifold ##M## of dimension ##n##. The set of smooth vector fields ##\Gamma(TM)## forms a vector space over ##\mathbb R##; the commutator defined as $$[X,Y](f):=X(Y(f)) - Y(X(f))$$ turns it into a (infinite dimensional) Lie...

In this [1] video, EigenChris mentions that there is no spacetime distance in Galilean relativity. And in this [2] video he replies to a comment as follows: > @hariszachariades8299: If the "spacetime separation vector" has components ##(\Delta x,\Delta t)##, there is no combination ##a\Delta...

Is it possible to make an embedding of the ##\phi##=constant slice of a Weyl metric in ##R^3##? In particular, I'm thinking of a metric where the components are both ##\rho## and ##z## dependent.

How do I find the metric tensor on ##S^1## x ##S^2##?

I was wondering how the notion of a time-independent field translates into the context of General Relativity. In order to specify my confusion, consider a scalar field ##\phi## in Schwarzschild spacetime with usual coordinates ##(t,r,\theta,\phi)##. Its metric is $$g = - f(r) \, dt^2 + f(r)^{-1}...

In Dirac's discussion of gravitational waves ("GTR", Chap. 33), he is working in the case where ##g_{\mu\nu}## are plane waves: waves moving in one direction only. In this case, ##g_{\mu\nu}## is a function of the single variable ##l_\sigma x^\sigma##. Here ##l_\sigma## is the wave vector, and...

Homework Statement: The order of indices of the Christoffel symbol of the 1st kind seems to vary from source to source. Is there a preference, and if so why? Relevant Equations: Christoffel symbol of the 1st kind. The 1st definition of the Christoffel symbol of the 1st kind I came across was...

Does the interior coordinate patch of the Schwarzschild analytic extension really describe the interior of a black hole? After all, that portion would have mass. Also, is there a way to describe just a black hole’s with regular spherical coordinates?

Hi, I was thinking about the following. Suppose we have a geometric mathematical model of spacetime such that there exists a global map ##(t,x_1,x_2,x_3)## in which the metric tensor is in the form $$ds^2 = c^2dt^2 - (dx_1)^2 + (dx_2)^2 + (dx_3)^2$$ i.e. the metric is in Minkowski form...

I am reading about musical isomorphisms and for the demonstration of the index raising operation from the sharp isomorphism, we have to multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of the metric. Can we assume that this inverse always exists? If so, how could I prove it?

In dimensional regularization I have seen this relation ##k^{\mu}k^{\nu}=\frac{1}{D}g^{\mu\nu}k^2## but this seems to hold for same types of four vectors k. Is there any similar identity for different vectors like ##k^{\mu}p^{\nu}=\frac{1}{D}g^{\mu\nu}k.p## ?

How can I create a metric describing the space outside a large disk, like an elliptical galaxy? In cylindrical coordinates, ##\phi## would be the angle restricted the the plane, as ##\rho## would be the radius restricted to the plane. I think that if ##z## is suppressed to create an embedding...

I encountered a problem in reading Phys.Lett.B Vol.755, 367-370 (2016). I cannot derive Eq.(7), the following snapshot is the paper and my oen derivation, I cannot repeat Eq.(7) in the paper. ##g^{\mu\nu}## is diagonal metric tensor and##g^{\mu\mu}## is the function of ##\mu## only...

We know that a metric tensor raises or lowers the indices of a tensor, for e.g. a Levi-Civita tensor. If we are in ##4D## spacetime, then \begin{align} g_{mn}\epsilon^{npqr}=\epsilon_{m}{}^{pqr} \end{align} where ##g_{mn}## is the metric and ##\epsilon^{npqr}## is the Levi-Civita tensor. The...

What is the metric for a bag-of-gold spacetime?

Are there any metrics for intra-universe wormholes?

Does anyone see a way I can find geodesics in the metric ##ds^2=-dt^2+dp^2+(5p^2+4t^2)d\phi^2## (ones with nonzero angular momentum)? I'm hoping it can be done analytically, but that may be wishful thinking. FYI, this is the metric listed at the bottom of the Wikipedia article about Ellis Wormholes.

How do I calculate the unit normal vector for any metric tensor?

The Hiscock coordinates read: $$d\tau=(1+\frac{v^2(1-f)}{1-v^2(1-f)^2})dt-\frac{v(1-f)}{1-v^2(1-f)^2}dx$$ ##dr=dx-vdt## Where ##f## is a function of ##r##. Now, in terms of calculating the christoffel symbol ##\Gamma^\tau_{\tau\tau}## of the new metric, where ##g_{\tau\tau}=v^2(1-f)^2-1## and...

In describing the spacetime around a massive, spherical object, one would use the Schwarzschild Metric. What metric would instead be used to describe the spacetime around multiple massive bodies? Say, for example, you want to calculate the Gravitational Time Dilation experienced by a rocket ship...

Considering the FLWR metric in cartesian coordinates: ##ds^2=-dt^2+a^2(t)(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)## With ##a(t)=t##, the trace of the extrinsic curvature tensor is ##-3t##. But why is it negative if it's describing an expanding universe, not a contracting one?

I asked myself why different scientists understand the same thing seemingly differently, especially the concept of a metric tensor. If we ask a topologist, a classical geometer, an algebraist, a differential geometer, and a physicist “What is a metric?” then we get five different answers. I mean...

I've been trying to find a way to calculate Gaussian curvature from a 4D metric tensor. I found a program that does this in Mathematica using the Brioschi formula. However, this only seems to work for a 2D metric or formula (I would need to use something with more dimensions). I've found...

I'm wondering if there is a way to find the proper volume of the warped region of the Alcubierre spacetime for a constant ##t## hypersurface. I can do a coordinate transformation ##t=τ+G(x)##, where ##G(x)=\int \frac{-vf}{1-v^2f^2}dx##. This eliminates the diagonal and makes it so that the...

Suppose you have the following situation: We have a spacetime that is asymptotically flat. At some position A which is in the region that is approximately flat, an observer sends out a photon (for simplicity, as I presume that any calculations involved here become easier if we consider a...

0:00 The metric tensor 12:55 Curve lengths 28:17 Metric compatibility of connections 35:47 The Levi-Civita connection 40:27 Induced metrics 50:12 Curvature and the metric 1:04:18 Killing fields and symmetries

I'm still confused about the notation used for operations involving tensors. Consider the following simple example: $$\eta^{\mu \sigma} A_{\mu \nu} = A_{\mu \nu} \eta^{\mu \sigma}$$ Using the rules for raising an index through the (inverse) metric tensor ##\eta^{\mu \sigma}## we get...

We know that the cofactor of determinant ##A##, is $$\frac{\partial A}{\partial a^{r}_{i}} = A^{i}_{r} = \frac{1}{2 !}\delta^{ijk}_{rst} a^{s}_{j} a^{t}_{k} = \frac{1}{2 !}e^{ijk} e_{rst} a^{s}_{j} a^{t}_{k}$$ By analogy, $$\frac{\partial Z}{\partial Z_{ij}} = \frac{1}{2 !}e^{ikl} e^{jmn}...

Hi everyone! I'm having some difficulty showing that the variation of the four-velocity, Uμ=dxμ/dτ with respect the metric tensor gαβ is δUμ=1/2 UμδgαβUαUβ Does anyone have any suggestion? Cheers, Rafael. PD: Thanks in advances for your answers; this is my first post! I think ill be...

The covariant form for the Levi-Civita is defined as ##\varepsilon_{i,j,k}:=\sqrt{g}\epsilon_{i,j,k}##. I want to show from this definition that it's contravariant form is given by ##\varepsilon^{i,j,k}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{g}}\epsilon^{i,j,k}##.My attemptWhat I have tried is to express this tensor...

I'm trying to show that the determinant ##g \equiv \det(g_{ij})## of the metric tensor is a tensor density. Therefore, in order to do that, I need to show that the determinant of the metric tensor in the new basis, ##g'##, would be given by...

I'm trying to understand why it is possible to express vectors ##\mathbf{e}^i## of the dual basis in terms of the vectors ##\mathbf{e}_j## of the original basis through the dual metric tensor ##g^{ij}##, and vice versa, in these ways: ##\mathbf{e}^i=g^{ij}\mathbf{e}_j##...

I am working on a computational project about General Relativity. In this process, I want to code 'the stuff' that can be derivable from the metric tensor. So far, I have coded Riemann Tensor, Weyl Tensor, Einstein Tensors, Ricci Tensor, Ricci scalar. What are the other essential/needed...

The result equation doesn't fit with the familiar divergence form that are usually used in electrodynamics. I want to know the reason why I was wrong. My professor says about transformation of components. But I cannot close to answer by using this hint, because I don't have any idea about "x"...

Hello all, let's suppose we have, in a flat spacetime, two observers O and O', the latter speeding away from O, with an uniform acceleration ##a##. In the Minkowski spacetime chart of O, the world-line of O' can be drawn as a parable. We know that the Lorentz boost at every point of the...

Hey there, I've been recently been going back over the basics of GR, differential geometry in particular. I was watching one of Susskind's lectures and did not understand the argument made here (26:33 - 35:40). In short, the argument goes as follows (I think): we have some generic metric ##{ g...

Aside from being symmetric, are there any other mathematical constraints on the metric?

Under the coordinate transformation $\bar x=x+\varepsilon$, the variation of the metric $g^{\mu\nu}$ is: $$ \delta g^{\mu\nu}(x)=\bar g^{\mu\nu}(x)-g^{\mu\nu}(x)=-\frac{\partial{ g^{\mu\nu}}}{\partial x^{\alpha}}\varepsilon^{\alpha}+ g^{\mu\beta}\frac{\partial \varepsilon^{\nu}}{\partial...

I need to use some property of the relalation between the coordinate systems to prove that g_{hk} is independent of the choice of the underlying rectangular coordinate system. I will try to borrow an idea from basic linear algebra. I expect any transformation between the rectangular systems to...

My attempt at ##g_{\mu \nu}## for (2) was \begin{pmatrix} -(1-r^2) & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 &\frac{1}{1-r^2} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & r^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & r^2 \sin^2(\theta) \end{pmatrix} and the inverse is the reciprocal of the diagonal elements. For (1) however, I can't even think of how to write the...

The Friedman Equations is based on the cosmological principle, which states that the universe at sufficiently large scale is homogeneous and isotropic. But what if, as an hypothesis, the universe was anisotropic and the clustering of masses are aligned to an arbitrary axis (axial pole), how...

I have been teaching myself general relativity and wanted to see if I got these metric tensors right, I have a feeling I didn't.For the first one I get all my directional derivatives (0, 0): (0)i + (0)j (0, 1): (0)i + 2j (1, 0): 2i + (0)j (1, 1): 2i + 2j Then I square them (FOIL): (0, 0): (0)i...