A problem in Finite Group Theory

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SUMMARY

This discussion addresses a problem in Martin Isaacs' 'Finite Group Theory', specifically regarding the relationship between abelian subgroups and the Fitting subgroup of a finite group G. Theorems by Zenkov and Lucchini establish key results about the intersection of abelian subgroups with the Fitting subgroup, leading to the conclusion that if G=AN, where A is abelian and N is normal in G, then |A| must be less than |N|. The discussion emphasizes the importance of the trivial centralizer condition and the implications of nilpotent normal subgroups in deriving contradictions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of finite group theory concepts, particularly subnormality
  • Familiarity with the Fitting subgroup and its properties
  • Knowledge of abelian and cyclic groups
  • Experience with normal subgroups and centralizers in group theory
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Zenkov's Theorem on subgroup intersections
  • Explore Lucchini's Theorem regarding cyclic groups and their cores
  • Investigate the properties of nilpotent groups and their intersections with normal subgroups
  • Learn about the role of centralizers in group structure and their applications in finite group theory
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, particularly those specializing in group theory, researchers in algebra, and students studying finite group structures will benefit from this discussion.

the_fox
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This is a problem I encountered in Martin Isaacs' 'Finite Group Theory'. It's located at the end of Chapter II which deals with subnormality, and the particular paragraph is concerned with a couple of not so well-known results which I quote for reference:

(In what follows F is the Fitting subgroup)

Theorem (Zenkov)
Let A and B be abelian subgroups of the finite group G, and let M be a minimal (in the sense of containment) member of the set {A \cap B^g | g in G}. Then M is a subgroup of F(G).

An easy corollary follows which establishes the existence of a subnormal subgroup:

Corollary
If A is an abelian subgroup of the finite group G and |A|>=|G:A|, then A intersects F(G) non-trivially.

In fact, if A is cyclic then a normal subgroup is guaranteed:

Theorem (Lucchini)
Let A be a cyclic proper subgroup of a finite group G, and let K=core_G(A). Then |A:K|<|G:A|, and in particular, if |A|>=|G:A|, then K>1.

Problem
Let G be a finite group such that G=AN, where A is abelian, N is normal in G, the centralizer of N in A is trivial as is the Fitting subgroup of N. Show that |A|<|N|.

Note that, since N is normal in G, the Fitting subgroup of N is the intersection of N with the Fitting subgroup of G. So, if |A|>=|N| in the problem, then |A|>=|N:N \cap A|=|NA:A|=|G:A| and the corollary applies to give a non-trivial intersection of A with F(G). How does one proceed from here to obtain a contradiction? In particular, how can the condition on the centralizer be utilized effectively?
 
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Let ##1\neq g \in A\cap F(G)##. Then there is a nilpotent normal subgroup ##U\triangleleft G##, which contains ##g## and is thus not trivial. Then ##U\cap N \subseteq U## is also nilpotent and normal, i.e. included in ##F(N)=\{\,1\,\}##. Hence ##U\cap N = \{\,1\,\}## and ##U\times N## is a direct product which contains ##g##. But as ##1\neq g \in A \cap U## we have ##g \in C_A(N) = \{\,1\,\}##, the required contradiction.
 

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