Absolute value in separable ODEs?

In summary, the solution to a separable ODE, such as \frac{dy}{dx} = 3y, is y=Ae^{3x} where A is a constant. To find this solution, the equation is rearranged and integrated, resulting in \ln|y| = 3x + C where C is a constant. The absolute value sign is necessary in order to account for the possibility of A being negative. Therefore, the final solution can be either y=Ae^{3x} or y=-Ae^{3x}, depending on the sign of A.
  • #1
perishingtardi
21
1
Suppose I have a variable separable ODE, e.g.,
[tex] \frac{dy}{dx} = 3y. [/tex]
We all know that the solution is [itex]y=Ae^{3x}[/itex] where A is a constant. My question is as follows. To actually find this solution we rearrange the equation and integrate to get
[tex] \int \frac{dy}{y} = 3 \int dx, [/tex]
which gives
[tex] \ln |y| = 3x + C [/tex] where C is a constant. I would have thought that this gives the solution
[tex] |y| = Ae^{3x} \qquad \mbox{where} \qquad A=e^C. [/tex]
My question is how can we get rid of the absolute value sign in the actual answer? Is it because A = e^C must always be positive? But how come in general that does not have to be true for the ODE to be satisfied?
 
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  • #2
It is precisely for that reason that you must have the absolute value on y.

Yes, [itex]|y|= Ae^x[/itex] where [itex]A= e^C[/itex] is positive.

Therefore [itex]y= Ae^x[/itex] or [itex]y= -Ae^{x}[/itex].
 
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1. What is absolute value in separable ODEs?

Absolute value in separable ODEs refers to the use of the absolute value function in solving separable ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The absolute value function, denoted by |x|, gives the distance of x from 0 on the number line. In separable ODEs, the absolute value function is used to eliminate the negative solutions that may arise during the integration process.

2. Why is the absolute value function used in separable ODEs?

The absolute value function is used in separable ODEs to ensure that only positive solutions are obtained during the integration process. This is important because negative solutions may not have physical meaning in certain real-world scenarios, and using the absolute value function helps to eliminate these solutions.

3. How is the absolute value function used in solving separable ODEs?

The absolute value function is used in solving separable ODEs by applying it to one or both sides of the equation after the separation of variables step. This helps to eliminate the possibility of negative solutions and allows for the integration of each side of the equation separately.

4. Are there any limitations to using the absolute value function in separable ODEs?

While the absolute value function is a useful tool in solving separable ODEs, there are some limitations to its use. It may not be applicable in certain cases where the solution needs to be negative, and it may also introduce extraneous solutions that need to be checked for validity.

5. Can the absolute value function be used in other types of differential equations?

Yes, the absolute value function can be used in other types of differential equations besides separable ODEs. It is often used in initial value problems and boundary value problems to ensure that only positive solutions are obtained. It can also be useful in solving differential equations that involve absolute values, such as in the case of piecewise-defined functions.

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