# Application of sets with higher cardinality

Gold Member
Sets with cardinality ##2^{\aleph_0}##, that is, with cardinality of the set of real numbers, obviously have many applications in other branches of mathematics outside of pure set theory. For example, real any complex analysis is completely based on such sets.

How about higher cardinality? Is there a branch of mathematics (outside of pure set theory) which uses sets with cardinality larger than that of reals?

PeroK
Homework Helper
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2020 Award
Sets with cardinality ##2^{\aleph_0}##, that is, with cardinality of the set of real numbers, obviously have many applications in other branches of mathematics outside of pure set theory. For example, real any complex analysis is completely based on such sets.

How about higher cardinality? Is there a branch of mathematics (outside of pure set theory) which uses sets with cardinality larger than that of reals?

The set of all real-valued functions has a higher cardinality.

Demystifier
Gold Member
The set of all real-valued functions has a higher cardinality.
But which branch of mathematics really deals with all such functions? Functional analysis?

PeroK
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2020 Award
But which branch of mathematics really deals with all such functions? Functional analysis?

Yes, that's the basis of functional analysis. The study of sets of functions or operators on a topological space.

Demystifier
lavinia
Gold Member
Sets with cardinality ##2^{\aleph_0}##, that is, with cardinality of the set of real numbers, obviously have many applications in other branches of mathematics outside of pure set theory. For example, real any complex analysis is completely based on such sets.

How about higher cardinality? Is there a branch of mathematics (outside of pure set theory) which uses sets with cardinality larger than that of reals?

In Category Theory, categories can be of any cardinality but generally they are too large to even be sets.
For instance, the category of vector spaces and linear maps is too large to be a set.

Different assumptions about the cardinality of the Reals, imply different results in Analysis. This is not exactly your question since whatever the assumption it is still about the cardinality of the Real numbers.

Gold Member
In Category Theory, categories can be of any cardinality but generally they are too large to even be sets.
For instance, the category of vector spaces and linear maps is too large to be a set.
Are you saying that it is a proper class?

Are you saying that it is a proper class?

Yes.

Now, I don't really know many situations where you are dealing with all subsets or functions on ##\mathbb{R}##. But there are some important structures with cardinality bigger than ##2^{\aleph_0}##. For example

1) The Stone-Cech compactification of ##\mathbb{N}## has cardinality ##2^{2^{\aleph_0}}##. This is studied in topology.
2) The set of all Lebesgue-measurable subsets of ##\mathbb{R}## has cardinality ##2^{2^{\aleph_0}}##. This shows up occasionally in analysis, although using the Borel sets is more popular (the Borel sets have cardinality ##2^{\aleph_0}##).