'Black Mist' Australia 1953, fallout contamination.

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the fallout contamination from the Totem 1 atomic bomb test conducted in Australia in 1953, specifically its alleged effects on an Aboriginal man, Yami Lester, who reportedly experienced blindness after exposure to a phenomenon referred to as 'Black Mist'. The conversation explores the potential medical and physical implications of radiation exposure and its effects on human health.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Exploratory

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that the purpose of the Totem 1 test included assessing permissible quantities of Pu-240 in fissile material for weapons.
  • One participant mentions that reports from the Australian Ionising Radiation Advisory Council and the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment suggest that immediate health effects at the distance of Wallatinna from the test site would be unlikely.
  • Another participant raises the possibility that residual radiation could cause malformations in proteins, potentially leading to blindness.
  • It is proposed that even a single malformed protein could obstruct light, contributing to vision impairment.
  • A participant suggests that the discussion may be more appropriately placed in a life sciences context rather than physics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the likelihood and mechanisms by which fallout from the Totem 1 test could have caused blindness in Yami Lester. There is no consensus on the medical implications or the validity of the claims regarding the fallout's effects.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights uncertainties regarding the specific content of the fallout and its potential biological effects, as well as the limitations of existing reports on the matter.

Triangled.
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On 14 October 1953 a ~10kt atomic bomb was tested by the British at a site in South Australia known as Emu Field, the detonation was code-named ‘Totem 1’. One of the purposes of this test, as evidenced in numerous sources, was to determine the permissible quantities of the Pu-240 in fissile material for weapons. Approximately 173 km from the test site was a mission community named Wallatinna.
In 1980 there emerged various Australian press media accounts suggesting that
Fallout from this test positively caused the blindness of an Aboriginal man, Yami Lester, within a few days of having been exposed to a ‘Black Mist’ at Wallatinna, allegedly caused by fallout contamination from the Totem 1.
The report by the Australian Ionising Radiation Advisory Council, British Nuclear Tests in Australia, a Review of Operational Safety Measures and of Possible After Effects, Australian Government Printing Services, Canberra, 1983, suggested that immediate ailment at this distance from a small fission bomb test was all but impossible, as did similar report material from the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (UK). The findings of the (Australian) Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia on the matter were inconclusive. However, a great deal of source material on the public record suggests that fallout from Totem 1 doubtless was responsible for Lester’s blindness. A google search on ‘totem, black mist’ will verify this. This raises the question: Is this possible? It was also recently alleged in the 2005 Film Australian Atomic Confessions that it was due to the presence of the heavier Pu isotope in the fissile core of the device which was responsible for the high degree of contamination, is this also, indeed, possible?
 
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It truly depends on the content he was exposed to. Residual radiation could easily cause a malformation of the proteins in the lens and cause the victim blindness.
 
It's possible. One malformed protein would obstruct light.
 
Really this is more of a medical question then physics. I am moving it to a life science forum.
 

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