Calculating force and work done with 3D vectors

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the force and work done on an object following the trajectory defined by the vector function r(t) = 4 ln(t) i + 6t^(1/2) j + 2t k. The force acting on the object is derived as F(t) = -4t^(-2) i - (3/2)t^(-3/2) j, confirming the correct application of Newton's second law. To calculate work done between t=1 and t=2, the integral of the dot product of force and displacement must be evaluated, specifically ∫(F ⋅ dr) from t=1 to t=2. The user encounters confusion regarding the integration limits and the resulting negative value for work done, indicating a potential error in the setup of the integral or limits.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector calculus, specifically differentiation and integration of vector functions.
  • Familiarity with Newton's second law and the concept of force as mass times acceleration.
  • Knowledge of calculating work done using the dot product of force and displacement vectors.
  • Ability to perform definite integrals with variable limits in the context of physics problems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the principles of vector differentiation to ensure accurate calculation of acceleration from the position vector r(t).
  • Study the method of calculating work done through line integrals in vector fields.
  • Practice solving similar physics problems involving force and work with different trajectories.
  • Learn about potential pitfalls in evaluating integrals, especially with respect to limits and the physical interpretation of negative work.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, engineering, and mathematics who are interested in understanding the dynamics of objects in motion, particularly in the context of vector calculus and mechanics.

r.physics
Messages
3
Reaction score
0
The question is as follows:

An object of mass m=1 follows the trajectory:

r(t) = 4 ln(t) i + 6t1/2 j + 2t k

Calculate the force acting on the object and hence find work done between t=1 and t=2.

I know that Force = Mass * Acceleration

Therefore, F(t) = 1 * a(t)

I also know that a(t) = r(t)''

After differentiating I end up with r(t)'' = -4t-2 i - 3/2 t-3/2 j

So I've ended up with

F(t) = -4t-2 i - 3/2 t-3/2 j

Is that my final answer for the force acting on the object, do I leave it in vector form?

For the work done part, I know that Work Done = Force x Distance

I have force and displacement in vector form but I don't know how to end up with a completely numerical value as I've got a time interval for t, I'm assuming there will be some sort of integration involved.

Can someone please tell me if I have done the first part correctly (calculating the force acting on the object) and if so how can I use this along with the conditions t=1 and t=2 to calculate work done? Thanks!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
r.physics said:
Is that my final answer for the force acting on the object, do I leave it in vector form?
I think so, for the general concept of force contains its direction.
For the remained part, I suggest you try to calculate the tiny work ##dW## with the tiny displacement ##d\mathbf{r}## and then get their sum.
 
tommyxu3 said:
I think so, for the general concept of force contains its direction.
For the remained part, I suggest you try to calculate the tiny work ##dW## with the tiny displacement ##d\mathbf{r}## and then get their sum.

Thankyou for your reply. If I'm understanding what your suggesting correctly, I would now do:

∫dw = ∫ (F ⋅ dr) between the limits of t=2 and t=1

This leaves me with

Δw = [ 4t-1 i + 3t-1/2 j + 2 k ]⋅[4 ln(t) i + 6t1/2 j + 2t k]

With the limits being 2 and 1, I don't think I have done what you meant correctly as when I plug the limits in I end up with a negative answer for work done, any idea where I'm going wrong?

Thanks!
 

Similar threads

Replies
29
Views
3K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
992
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
Replies
12
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
1K