Calculating Kinetic Energy at Perihelion: Orbital Energetics Help

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the kinetic energy of a planet at perihelion using gravitational formulas. The correct formula for total energy is E = -GMm/2a, where 'a' is the semi-major axis, not the distance 'r' from the star. The user initially applied GMm/2r, which is only applicable for circular orbits, leading to an incorrect kinetic energy value of 2.3493 x 10^33 J. The potential energy at perihelion is given as -4.698 x 10^33 J, confirming the need for accurate orbital parameters in calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gravitational constants, specifically G = 6.67259 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
  • Familiarity with the concepts of kinetic and potential energy in orbital mechanics
  • Knowledge of the semi-major axis in elliptical orbits
  • Ability to apply the formula E = -GMm/2a for total energy calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the derivation and application of the formula E = -GMm/2a in elliptical orbits
  • Learn about the differences between kinetic energy calculations in circular versus elliptical orbits
  • Explore the implications of orbital eccentricity on energy calculations
  • Study the conservation of energy in celestial mechanics and its applications
USEFUL FOR

Astronomy students, astrophysicists, and anyone involved in celestial mechanics or orbital dynamics will benefit from this discussion.

klarge
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Given:
Planet is orbiting a star
G = 6.67259 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
Mstar = 1.99 x 10^30 kg
mplanet = 5.98 x 10^24 kg
distance from perihelion to star = 1.69 x 10^11 m
distance from aphelion to star = 1.745 x 10^11 m
potential energy at perihelion = -4.698 x 10^33 J


Need:
Kinetic energy at perihelion

To solve for perihelion kinetic energy I used GMm/2r and checked it with -.5 x potential energy, but apparently this was incorrect as my answer (2.3493 x 10^33 J) was incorrect.

Am I missing something? Or could the "correct" answer be incorrect (this has been known to occur).
 
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klarge said:
To solve for perihelion kinetic energy I used GMm/2r and checked it with -.5 x potential energy, but apparently this was incorrect as my answer (2.3493 x 10^33 J) was incorrect.
The total energy is E=-\frac {GMm}{2a}, not -\frac {GMm}{2r}. The latter equation (the one you used) is only valid for circular orbits.
 

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