Calculating RH & Rp in an Open Dust-Filled Universe

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the radius of the Hubble sphere (RH) and the radius of the particle horizon (Rp) in an open, dust-filled universe using the Friedmann equations. The user seeks clarification on whether to treat 't' in the scale factor a(t) as a function of x, and how to properly derive RH before plotting both RH and Rp to check for intersections. The lecturer confirms that using the chain rule to derive a'(t) is the correct approach, emphasizing the importance of accurately determining RH to proceed with the analysis.

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  • Understanding of Friedmann equations in cosmology
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  • Familiarity with calculus, specifically chain rule and integration
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Astronomy students, cosmologists, and physicists interested in the dynamics of open, dust-filled universes and the implications of the Friedmann equations on cosmic structure.

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1. Using the parametric solution of the Friedmann equations for a open, dust-filled universe

i) Calculate the radius of the Hubble sphere (RH) for a 'dust filled' open universe.
ii) Compare this with the radius of the particle horizon (Rp) for the same universe and determine if there exists a time when RH = Rp


Homework Equations



Capture.png


The Attempt at a Solution



For part (i) I've used the fact that,

Capture_03.png


to attempt to determine RH.

Given that a is not in terms of t and the equations can't be rearranged to give a in terms of t I've opted to use the chain rule to determine a'(t)

Capture_05.png


This is the correct way to proceed with the question (according to my lecturer).

Here's where I get confused though. Because t is already a function of x, do I simply use a(x) as my a(t)? That being, is the 't' in a(t) already accounted for by the fact that a(t) is actually (a(t(x))), or do I have to take da/dt, 'multiply' both sides of my equation by dt (don't get angry at me, pure mathematicians), and then integrate (where dt is actually dt(x)) to find a(t)?

To answer part (ii) I intended to find the equation for the particle horizon and then plot both functions (RH and Rp) on the same axes and check to see if there was ever an intercept, but I need to get RH correct in order to do that, so I'm not going to jump ahead of myself just yet. However, that said, just from the looks of things I don't think all of my Ω0 terms are going to drop out of the equation, so I'm not sure how I'm going to approach this if they stick around. I guess I might need to plot a 3D graph with x values, omega values, and respective RH and Rp values.

I apologise if this is a bit convoluted. I intended to use latex, but I'm not sure how to get it working on here.
 
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Nobody? This question is really bugging me. I'd really appreciate the help.
 

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