Can Computers Master Chess Through Brute Force and Heuristics?

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As a computer does not possesses any intelligence of it's own, how it plays games like chess?
 
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A short answer is, the computer tries to search all possible paths of play for several moves into the future. As a "brute force" approach, this would take too long, so the programmer tries to add heuristics to the chess program so that it can guess which paths to eliminate without projecting every possible path many steps into the future.