Can Dumbbell-Shaped Orbitals Be Experimentally Confirmed?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the experimental confirmation of dumbbell-shaped p-orbitals in atoms, particularly hydrogen. Participants explore the visualization of these orbitals and the implications of their existence as theoretical constructs versus observable phenomena.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that solving the Schrödinger Equation yields orbital shapes, questioning whether p-orbitals have been visually confirmed by experts.
  • Another participant explains that orbitals are a choice of basis sets for electron wave functions, noting the complexity of visualizing multi-electron systems compared to single-electron systems.
  • A different viewpoint challenges the notion of existence, suggesting that orbitals are idealized models and questioning if statistical representations of data can be considered as confirmation of their existence.
  • One participant expresses appreciation for a visual representation of hydrogen atom orbitals, indicating a desire for empirical evidence of the discussed shapes.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the existence of orbitals, with some viewing them as idealized models and others seeking empirical validation. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the experimental confirmation of p-orbitals.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the challenges in visualizing wave functions in multi-electron systems and the reliance on statistical data for representations of orbitals, indicating potential limitations in confirming their shapes experimentally.

Callaghan
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If you solve the Schrödinger Equation, you will get solution for the equation, which is orbital.

My question is, for example, dumbbell-shaped p-orbitals in hydrogen atoms or other atoms,
is there some expert who visualized this orbitals and confirmed experimentally?

And how can it be confirmed experimentally, that p-orbitals exist in a shape of dumbbell?
 
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Orbitals are a particular choice of single electron basis sets, which can be used to make the basis sets for many electrons. The wave function for N electrons is in 3N-dimensional configuration space, so it doesn't have an easy visualization. The wave function for a single electron is in a 3-dimensional configuration space, so it can be visualized as being in space.

http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/courses/chem6485/pdf/basis-sets.pdf
 

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