Can I move a macro object at a very small distance (around 10 nm)?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the feasibility of moving a macro object at very small distances, specifically around 10 nanometers, on a nearly ideal surface like a silicon wafer. Participants explore various methods and technologies that could enable such precise movements, considering both theoretical and practical aspects.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that bar friction, air, dust, sound, and gravity could pose challenges to moving the object, even in a vacuum.
  • Another participant proposes using radiation pressure from a laser or magnetic forces as potential methods for movement.
  • A later reply mentions the use of piezo drivers, which are commercially available in both linear and rotary forms, as a viable option.
  • Some participants discuss the application of differential screws and piezoelectric transducers for fine positioning, referencing their use in Atomic Force Microscopy.
  • One participant shares insights on the mechanics of differential screws, suggesting that with proper scaling, they could achieve the desired movement precision.
  • Another participant finds a piezo positioner with 5 nm resolution, indicating that such devices exist for this purpose.
  • One participant expresses a preference for a DIY approach, considering 3D printed screws and Arduino motors as alternatives, while noting logistical challenges in ordering components from outside the EU.
  • Another participant mentions the use of piezoelectric or quartz crystals, referencing their application in VCR recording head adjustments for fine movements.
  • A final contribution highlights the use of scanning tunneling microscopes by IBM engineers to manipulate individual atoms, suggesting that similar techniques could be relevant.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple competing views on the methods for achieving the desired movement, with no consensus reached on a single approach. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best technique to use.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty about the effectiveness of various methods and acknowledge limitations related to DIY setups versus professional lab environments. There are also logistical considerations regarding sourcing materials and components.

gggnano
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TL;DR
Just a metal cube or whatever moved nanometer by nanometer?
Let's say I have a "nearly ideal" surface such as silicon wafer with around 5 nm roughness and I place something on it (with similar surface roughness) - then how can I move this object step by step at abysmal distances of just several nanometers, under 50 or so?

I assume bar friction, air/dust/sound/gravity...may be an issue? And even in vacuum what are realistic options even if I'm unable to know the exact result but just feel the effect?

- radiation press. from laser?
- magnet?
- surely not arduino motor? Thank you!
 
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^ Yes, I guess so :). I still don't want to give up since...light is everywhere, it's still local and...real to me:

 
Sounds like a job for piezo driver. IIRC, they are COTS in both linear & rotary form...
 
gggnano said:
... then how can I move this object step by step at abysmal distances of just several nanometers, ...
Use differential screws to approach the target with a stylus, under an optical microscope.
Use piezoelectric transducers for fine positioning steps and scanning.
You are in the world of the “Atomic Force Microscope”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy
 
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Baluncore said:
Use differential screws to approach the target with a stylus, under an optical microscope.
Use piezoelectric transducers for fine positioning steps and scanning.
You are in the world of the “Atomic Force Microscope”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy

Very interesting. Just read about the "differential screws" 2-centuries old approach and...

https://hackaday.com/2020/03/21/screwy-math-for-super-fine-adjustments-differential-screws/

So:

"The differential screw in this case started life as a normal M5 bolt with a 0.8 mm thread pitch. [Mark] machined and threaded section of the bolt down to a M4 x 0.7 mm thread. This means he can get 0.1 mm (100 μm) of adjustment per full rotation. By turning the bolt 1/10 rotation, the relative movement comes down to 10 μm."

Easy match suggests 1/100 rotation of 1 micrometer and 10 times scalling the bolt down to 0.1 micrometer or 100 nm I guess another 10 times and it's 'done'...not sure if possible atm but maybe it is - certainly something I need to investigate since I just discovered it...10x again.
 
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^ Within budget, $1100 but if I can't make it work it's still waste of time, I think for the time being i'll do for the shamelessly cheap option involving 3d printed screws (I have 3 3d printers should put them to use...) as well as wafers, transducers and maybe arduino/step motors to control. It's the $500 very cheap amateur version but will see. On a site note - I'm not in America (eastern europe/eu) so...ordering anything from America or China gets stopped at the airport, it works door-to-door within the EU though, such as: the German Amazon.
 
gggnano said:
Summary: Just a metal cube or whatever moved nanometer by nanometer?

Let's say I have a "nearly ideal" surface such as silicon wafer with around 5 nm roughness and I place something on it (with similar surface roughness) - then how can I move this object step by step at abysmal distances of just several nanometers, under 50 or so?

I assume bar friction, air/dust/sound/gravity...may be an issue? And even in vacuum what are realistic options even if I'm unable to know the exact result but just feel the effect?

- radiation press. from laser?
- magnet?
- surely not arduino motor? Thank you!
One possibility might be a piezo-electric crystal, or a quartz crystal. This is how VCR recording heads were adjusted very finely.
 
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Have a look. IBM engineers pushed around individual atoms to make this image. They did it with a scanning tunneling microscope. Study that for more details.

 
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