Can Normal Matrices Be Non-Self-Adjoint?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the properties of normal matrices in the context of linear algebra, specifically exploring whether a normal matrix can be non-self-adjoint. Participants are examining definitions and providing examples related to normal and self-adjoint matrices.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about finding a normal matrix ##A## that is not self-adjoint, posing the condition ##A^*A=AA^*## but ##A\neq A^*##.
  • Another participant suggests that every normal matrix can be expressed as ##A+iB##, where ##A## and ##B## are commuting Hermitian matrices.
  • A participant points out that for ##n=1##, all elements of ##\mathbb{R}## are self-adjoint, while all elements of ##\mathbb{C}## are normal.
  • Further clarification is provided that diagonal matrices with real entries are self-adjoint, while those with complex entries are normal. It is noted that every normal operator can be diagonalized using unitary operators, leading to the general forms of self-adjoint and normal matrices.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants appear to agree on the definitions and properties of normal and self-adjoint matrices, but the initial question regarding the existence of a non-self-adjoint normal matrix remains open for exploration.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve whether a specific example of a non-self-adjoint normal matrix exists, and it relies on the definitions of normal and self-adjoint matrices without providing explicit examples.

tommyxu3
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Hello everyone, I have a question. I'm not sure if it is trivial. Does anyone have ideas of finding a matrix ##A\in M_n(\mathbb{C})##, where ##A## is normal but not self-adjoint, that is, ##A^*A=AA^*## but ##A\neq A^*?##
 
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I think every normal matrix can be written as A+iB where A and B are commuting hermitian matrices.
 
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That's a really good idea, thanks a lot!
 
Take ##n=1##, then every element of ##\mathbb{R}## is self-adjoint, while every element of ##\mathbb{C}## is normal.
 
Yes, that's a special case in ##M_1(\mathbb{C})!##
 
tommyxu3 said:
Yes, that's a special case in ##M_1(\mathbb{C})!##

And it can be generalized! Diagonal matrices with all real entries are self-adjoint, with complex entries are normal. Every normal operator can be diagonalized with unitary operators as transition matrices, so the general form of a self-adjoint matrix is ##UDU^*## with ##U## unitary and ##D## a diagonal matrix with real entries. The general form of a normal matrix is ##UDU^*## with ##U## unitary and ##D## a diagonal matrix with complex entries.
 

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