The discussion focuses on proving that (m+1)/(n+1) > m/n given that n > m > 0. Participants explore examples to identify patterns and derive a proof using algebraic manipulation. The key steps involve calculating the difference between the two fractions and demonstrating that both the numerator and denominator remain positive under the given conditions. By reversing the proof process, it is shown that if n > m, then the inequality holds true. The concept of synthetic proof is emphasized as a method to validate the conclusion without needing to explicitly show every step in reverse.