Cardinality of infinite subset of infinite set

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of cardinality, particularly in relation to infinite sets and their subsets. Participants explore the implications of subset relationships on cardinality and examine specific examples involving the sets of integers and rational numbers.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about the meaning of cardinality and questions whether the cardinality of a subset is necessarily less than or equal to that of its superset.
  • Another participant confirms that if ##A \subseteq B##, then indeed ##|A| \leq |B|##, but cautions against confusing this with the strict inequality ##|\mathbb{Z}| < |\mathbb{Q}|##, which they claim is false.
  • A further inquiry is made about the relationship between the cardinalities of ##\mathbb{Z}## and ##\mathbb{Q}##, specifically asking whether ##|\mathbb{Z}| < |\mathbb{Q}|## or ##|\mathbb{Z}| = |\mathbb{Q}|##.
  • Another participant asserts that the latter is true, suggesting a method to visualize the relationship through a bijection between sets.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that if ##A \subseteq B##, then ##|A| \leq |B|##. However, there is disagreement regarding the specific cardinality relationship between ##\mathbb{Z}## and ##\mathbb{Q}##, with some asserting equality and others implying a potential misunderstanding of the inequalities.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved aspects regarding the interpretation of cardinality in the context of infinite sets, particularly in distinguishing between equal cardinalities and strict inequalities. The discussion does not clarify the assumptions underlying the claims made about the cardinalities of ##\mathbb{Z}## and ##\mathbb{Q}##.

Bipolarity
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Am a bit confused about the meaning of cardinality. If ## A \subseteq B ##, then is it necessarily the case that ## |A| \leq |B| ##?

I am thinking that since ## A \subseteq B ##, an injection from A to B exists, hence its cardinality cannot be greater than that of B?

But this cannot be correct, since ##\mathbb{Z}## and ##\mathbb{Q}## have the same cardinality?

Where am I wrong?

Thanks!

BiP
 
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You are right. If ##A\subseteq B##, then ##|A|\leq |B|##.

In particular, ##|\mathbb{Z}|\leq |\mathbb{Q}|## is true. Don't confuse this with ##|\mathbb{Z}|< |\mathbb{Q}|##, which is false.
 
R136a1 said:
You are right. If ##A\subseteq B##, then ##|A|\leq |B|##.

In particular, ##|\mathbb{Z}|\leq |\mathbb{Q}|## is true. Don't confuse this with ##|\mathbb{Z}|< |\mathbb{Q}|##, which is false.

I see. So which of the following is true?
##|\mathbb{Z}|< |\mathbb{Q}|##
##|\mathbb{Z}|= |\mathbb{Q}|##

Thanks!

BiP
 

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