Cartesian product of a family of countable sets is countable

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the proposition that the Cartesian product of a family of countable sets is countable. Participants explore the proof of this proposition, its implications, and related theorems, with a focus on both the general case and specific instances.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes a proof using a function defined from the Cartesian product to the set of positive integers, asserting that it demonstrates the countability of the product.
  • Another participant points out that the topic title should include the word "finite" and suggests that the proof may require clarification regarding the "previous theorems" mentioned.
  • A further contribution explains that the previous theorems refer to the countability of infinite subsets of the positive integers and the countability of subsets of countable sets.
  • Another participant introduces the idea that the union of a countable collection of countable sets is also countable, providing a visual method of understanding this through a zig-zag traversal of an array formed by the sets.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the validity of the proof presented, but there are points of contention regarding the completeness of the explanation and the necessity of including specific terminology in the title. The discussion also highlights differing perspectives on the generalization of the theorem.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved aspects regarding the definitions and implications of the terms used, particularly concerning the scope of the theorem and the conditions under which it applies. The proof's reliance on previous theorems is noted but not fully elaborated upon.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for those interested in set theory, particularly in understanding the properties of countable sets and their products, as well as for individuals exploring related mathematical proofs and concepts.

sutupidmath
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Proposition: Let [tex]\{A_n\}_{n\in I}[/tex] be a family of countable sets. Prove that

[tex]\bigotimes_{i=1}^n A_i[/tex]

is a countable set.

Proof:

Since [tex]\{A_n\}_{n\in I}[/tex]

are countable, there are 1-1 functions

[tex]f_n:A_n->J[/tex]

(J, the set of positive integers)

Now let us define a function

[tex]h:\bigotimes_{i=1}^n A_i->J[/tex]

such that

[tex]h(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=(p_1)^{f_1(a_1)}*(p_2)^{f_2(a_2)}*...*(p_n)^{f_n(a_n)}[/tex]


Where p_i are prime numbers such that

[tex]2\leq p_1<p_2<...<p_n[/tex]

Now from the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic,it is clear that h is a 1-1 function. So, based on some previous theorems, we conclude that

[tex]\bigotimes_{i=1}^n A_i[/tex]

is a countable set.

Is this correct?
 
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Your topic title should include the word finite (you have written it up as such in your proposition, though)

That is pretty much the proof I have always seen for the theorem, although you may have to explain the 'previous theorems' you mentioned
 
VeeEight said:
Your topic title should include the word finite (you have written it up as such in your proposition, though)

That is pretty much the proof I have always seen for the theorem, although you may have to explain the 'previous theorems' you mentioned

THe previous theorem(s) are basically that every infinite subset of J is countable. And also that every subset of a countable set is countable.

The reason i posted this is that I've only seen a theorem that proves for the case of only two sets A, B, so i wanted to generalize on the idea. THe motvation behind this came from another problem i was working on. It looked like i needed to prove this proposition before could tackle that problem...and it worked out fine.
 
In fact, it is true that a the union of countable collection of countable sets is countable:
Imagine writing the sets in a row and the members of each set is a column below the set. Now, "zig-zag" through the array.
 

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