Centripetal generated by rotation of the Earth

In summary, at the South Pole, an object weighs 100N due to the force of gravity pulling it down. At the equator, the object experiences a 0.3N centripetal force due to Earth's rotation, causing a 0.3N normal force pushing it upwards. Therefore, at the equator, the object weighs 99.7N (100N down and 0.3N up). This can be explained through a free body diagram showing the forces acting on the object.
  • #1
dan667
2
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Homework Statement


An object weighs 100N at the South Pole. How much does it weigh at the equator?

Given: Earth's rotational spin speed 465m/s
Diameter of the Earth is 1.274 x 10^7 m


Homework Equations


Fc = m x v^2 / r


The Attempt at a Solution


Well I have this general understanding that the object should weigh less since it's experience uniform circular motion, and that it "wants" to fly off tangentially (Newton's first law) but is constrained by the force of friction, right? It seems I have calculated the answer of the centripetal force to be 0.3 N, but what I don't understand is that why I subtract it from 100N. The confusion lies in where the normal force and centripetal force vectors are located. It would be greatly appreciated if anyone could give a lucid answer to this question. The answer by the way, is 99.7N
 
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  • #2
The object weighs 100N so there is a force of 100N due to gravity pulling it down

At the equator there is a 0.3N force pushing it up, so if you put it on a pair of scales there would be 100N down and 0.3N up so the scales would read 99.7N
 
  • #3
Yes, but how do you get 0.3 N pushing up? The centripetal force towards the center of Earth is 0.3 N, so the normal force is also 0.3 N. If the object is at the south pole. The only two forces would be Fg pulling it towards the center of the Earth and Fn, pushing the object upwards. But now we introduce two more forces and if you were to draw (or describe) how these force vectors are used on a FBD, what would it look like?
 
  • #4
No - the centrepetal force is outwards.
 

What is centripetal force?

Centripetal force is the force that keeps an object moving in a circular path. In the case of the Earth, this force is generated by its rotation.

How does the rotation of the Earth create centripetal force?

As the Earth rotates, the objects on its surface are constantly moving in a circular path. This creates a force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, known as centripetal force.

What is the direction of centripetal force on the Earth?

The direction of centripetal force on the Earth is towards the center of the Earth. This is because the force is required to keep objects on the surface moving in a circular path.

What is the relationship between centripetal force and the Earth's rotation speed?

The greater the Earth's rotation speed, the greater the centripetal force will be. This is because a faster rotation creates a greater circular motion, resulting in a stronger force pulling objects towards the center of the Earth.

Does the rotation of the Earth affect the strength of gravity?

Yes, the rotation of the Earth does affect the strength of gravity. The centripetal force created by the Earth's rotation slightly reduces the strength of gravity at the equator compared to the poles. This is known as the equatorial bulge.

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