Change in Enthalpy vs Q: State Functions Explained

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Q represents heat transfer and is classified as a non-state function, while the change in enthalpy (dH) is a state function. The equation for heat transfer, Q = P*dV + dE, indicates that Q depends on the path taken, whereas dH = P*dv + dE reflects a property of the system that depends only on its current state. The confusion arises from the relationship between Q and dH, as they can be equal under certain conditions, yet their classifications differ. It is important to understand that while enthalpy itself is a state function, the change in enthalpy (dH) is also a state function, as it is determined solely by the initial and final states of the system. Thus, dH is indeed a state function, despite the non-state nature of Q.
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as Q(heat transfer)=P*dV + dE
Q is a non state function,
while the change of enthalpy,
dH=P*dv+dE,
i suppose it is equal to the Q above but why dH is a state function while Q is not since they are the same?
 
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The enthalpy, H, is a state function. Is that necessarily true of change of enthalpy?
 
so u mean dH is not a state function?
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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