Graduate Derive 4-Velocity Components: Anyone Know How?

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the four-velocity components in special relativity (SR), specifically the equations ##u^0=\frac {dt} {d\tau}=\frac {1} {\sqrt {1-\mathbf {v}^2}}## and ##u^j=\frac {dx^j} {d\tau}=\frac {v^j} {\sqrt {1-\mathbf{v}^2}}##. Participants emphasize the importance of using structured educational materials rather than informal sources like Wikipedia. Recommended steps include defining the timelike interval, applying limits, and utilizing the chain rule for derivation. A useful resource mentioned is the SRT FAQ available at the provided link.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of special relativity (SR) concepts
  • Familiarity with calculus, particularly limits and derivatives
  • Knowledge of four-vectors and their applications in physics
  • Access to educational materials on special relativity, such as textbooks or lecture notes
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the definition of the timelike interval in special relativity
  • Learn how to apply limits in calculus, specifically for derivatives
  • Explore the chain rule in calculus and its application in physics
  • Review the SRT FAQ for additional insights and explanations on special relativity
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those studying special relativity, as well as anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of four-velocity components and their derivation.

berlinspeed
Messages
26
Reaction score
4
TL;DR
Need help on a simple 4-velocity components derivation.
Anyone know how to derive ##u^0=\frac {dt} {d\tau}=\frac {1} {\sqrt {1-\mathbf {v}^2}}## and ##u^j=\frac {dx^j} {d\tau}=\frac {v^j} {\sqrt {1-\mathbf{v}^2}}##?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
What textbooks have you consulted? This should be described in any introductory text on SR.
 
Orodruin said:
What textbooks have you consulted? This should be described in any introductory text on SR.
I don't own any SR books, which ones would you recommend?
 
By textbook I do not necessarily mean a physical textbook, it can just as well be some form of online lecture notes or at least some sort of learning material. You must be getting the information from somewhere. That somewhere should preferably be a didactic material intended to teach SR. If you do not have some sort of learning material and just look things up on, e.g., Wikipedia, that is typically not a useful or effective learning strategy. There is lots of useful information available online, but if you do not find anything else you can try my lecture notes.
 
  • Like
Likes berkeman
Orodruin said:
By textbook I do not necessarily mean a physical textbook, it can just as well be some form of online lecture notes or at least some sort of learning material. You must be getting the information from somewhere. That somewhere should preferably be a didactic material intended to teach SR. If you do not have some sort of learning material and just look things up on, e.g., Wikipedia, that is typically not a useful or effective learning strategy. There is lots of useful information available online, but if you do not find anything else you can try my lecture notes.
Thanks so much! Gonna grind on that for a while now..
 
  • Like
Likes berkeman
I’ll give you an outline of steps you can follow.

Write the definition of timelike interval, or proper time between events in inertial frame.

Divide by delta t.

Take the limit as delta t goes to zero.

Use the rule for derivative of inverse.

That takes care of the first question. For the second, see how to use the chain rule plus this fact.
 
Last edited:

Similar threads

  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
660
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 27 ·
Replies
27
Views
3K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
686
  • · Replies 47 ·
2
Replies
47
Views
5K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
1K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
1K