Composition of Functions - in the context of morphisms in algebraic ge

In summary, Dummit and Foote define a morphism or polynomial map of algebraic sets as a map between two sets V and W that can be represented by polynomials. They then go on to define a map between the quotient rings k[W] and k[V] as a composition of a polynomial F with the map phi, denoted as F ◦ phi, which is equivalent to F(F1, F2, ..., Fm). The reasoning and notation used in this definition may be confusing, but it is logically and notationally correct.
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I am reading Dummit and Foote (D&F) Section 15.1 on Affine Algebraic Sets.

On page 662 (see attached) D&F define a morphism or polynomial map of algebraic sets as follows:

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Definition. A map [itex] \phi \ : V \rightarrow W [/itex] is called a morphism (or polynomial map or regular map) of algebraic sets if

there are polynomials [itex] {\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... , {\phi}_m \in k[x_1, x_2, ... ... x_n] [/itex] such that

[itex] \phi(( a_1, a_2, ... a_n)) = ( {\phi}_1 ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n) , {\phi}_2 ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n), ... ... ... , {\phi}_m ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n)) [/itex]

for all [itex] ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n) \in V [/itex]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D&F then go on to define a map between the quotient rings k[W] and k[V] as follows: (see attachment page 662)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suppose F is a polynomial in [itex] k[x_1, x_2, ... ... x_n] [/itex].

Then [itex] F \circ \phi = F({\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... , {\phi}_m) [/itex] is a polynomial in [itex] k[x_1, x_2, ... ... x_n] [/itex]

since [itex] {\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... , {\phi}_m [/itex] are polynomials in [itex] x_1, x_2, ... ... , x_n [/itex].

... ... etc etc

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I am concerned that I do not fully understand exactly how/why [itex] F \circ \phi = F({\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... , {\phi}_m) [/itex].

I may be obsessively over-thinking the validity of this matter (that may be just a notational matter) ... but anyway my understanding is as follows:

[itex] F \circ \phi (( a_1, a_2, ... a_n)) [/itex]

[itex] = F( \phi (( a_1, a_2, ... a_n)) [/itex]

[itex] = F( {\phi}_1 ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n) , {\phi}_2 ( a_1, a_2, ... , a_n), ... ... ... , {\phi}_m ( a_1, a_2, ... a_n) ) [/itex]

[itex] = F ( {\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... ... ... , {\phi}_m ) ( a_1, a_2, ... , a_n) [/itex]

so then we have that ...

[itex] F \circ \phi = F({\phi}_1, {\phi}_2, ... , {\phi}_m) [/itex].

Can someone please confirm that the above reasoning and text is logically and notationally correct?

Peter
 

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  • Page 662 - Dummit and Foote - Chapter 15 - Section 15.1.pdf
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  • #2
Your reasoning is correct.

The reasoning you're confused is because the notation ##F(\varphi_1,...,\varphi_n)## is really bad. I would never use it that way.
 

1. What is a composition of functions?

A composition of functions is a mathematical operation where the output of one function becomes the input of another function. It is denoted by (f∘g)(x), which means that the output of the function g is used as the input for the function f. The result is a new function that combines the operations of both functions.

2. How is composition of functions related to morphisms in algebraic geometry?

In algebraic geometry, a morphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic varieties. The composition of functions can be used to define morphisms between algebraic varieties by combining the functions that describe them. This allows for the study of the geometric properties of these varieties through their algebraic representations.

3. What is the order of composition of functions?

The order of composition of functions is important because it determines the order in which the operations are performed. For example, (f∘g)(x) means that the function g is applied first, followed by the function f. This is not the same as (g∘f)(x), which means that the function f is applied first, followed by the function g.

4. How does the composition of functions affect the domain and range?

The composition of functions can change the domain and range of the resulting function. The domain of the composition is limited to the values that are in the domain of the inner function, while the range is limited to the values that are in the range of the outer function. In other words, the composition of functions can restrict the input and output values of the resulting function.

5. Are there any special properties or rules for composition of functions?

Yes, there are several properties and rules that apply to composition of functions. These include the associative property, where the order of composition does not matter, and the identity property, where the identity function can be used in composition without changing the result. There are also rules for finding the inverse of a composition of functions and for composing a function with itself multiple times.

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