Conservation of Momentum vs. Energy in sticking collisions

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SUMMARY

In perfectly inelastic collisions, such as two cars sticking together after a head-on collision, momentum is conserved while kinetic energy is not. For the example provided, Car 1 (10 kg at 5 m/s) and Car 2 (10 kg at -10 m/s) result in a total momentum of -50 kg·m/s and a combined velocity of -2.5 m/s post-collision. The initial kinetic energy is calculated as 375 J, while the final kinetic energy drops to 62.5 J, demonstrating a significant loss of energy, which is transformed into other forms such as sound, heat, and deformation of the vehicles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of momentum conservation principles
  • Knowledge of kinetic energy calculations
  • Familiarity with perfectly inelastic collisions
  • Basic physics concepts related to energy transformation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of conservation of momentum in various collision types
  • Learn about energy transformation during inelastic collisions
  • Explore the concept of work done during collisions and its impact on energy loss
  • Investigate real-world applications of collision physics in automotive safety design
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Physics students, automotive engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of collisions and energy conservation principles.

Tibriel
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Conservation of Momentum vs. Energy in "sticking" collisions

Homework Statement



So here's the deal I'm wondering why when you have a collision where the two objects stick together momentum is conserved but energy isn't. (or at least that's how I'm reading what my math is telling me)

Example problem: 2 cars going into a head-on collision that stick together upon contact
Car 1:
m = 10kg
v = 5m/s

Car 2
m = 10kg
v = -10m/s

What is the velocity after the collision assuming no energy is lost to Friction/sound/heat etc.

Homework Equations



p(before) = mv[car 1] + mv[car 2] = p(after) = (m + m)v [car 1&2 combined]
KE = (1/2)*mv^2

The Attempt at a Solution



well I get a p(total) = -50kgm/s
and a v(combined) = -2.5m/s
I get an inital KE of 375J (500J - 125J) and a final KE of 62.5J if I use the new velocity from the momentum equations

So why is energy decreased when they stick together?
My assumption is that the KE of each car gets decreased because they are doing work on each other. This explanation sounds incomplete to me. I'm thinking that the rest of the explanation involves the change in velocity for each car. Here both have a change of 7.5m/s

Any help would be greatly appreciated
 
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Tibriel said:
Example problem: 2 cars going into a head-on collision that stick together upon contact
Car 1:
m = 10kg
v = 5m/s

Car 2
m = 10kg
v = -10m/s

What is the velocity after the collision assuming no energy is lost to Friction/sound/heat etc.
If the cars stick together then you cannot assume that no energy is "lost" to other forms. In fact, in such a perfectly inelastic collision the maximum amount of kinetic energy is lost.
 


Tibriel said:

Homework Statement



So here's the deal I'm wondering why when you have a collision where the two objects stick together momentum is conserved but energy isn't. (or at least that's how I'm reading what my math is telling me)

Example problem: 2 cars going into a head-on collision that stick together upon contact
Car 1:
m = 10kg
v = 5m/s

Car 2
m = 10kg
v = -10m/s

What is the velocity after the collision assuming no energy is lost to Friction/sound/heat etc.

Homework Equations



p(before) = mv[car 1] + mv[car 2] = p(after) = (m + m)v [car 1&2 combined]
KE = (1/2)*mv^2

The Attempt at a Solution



well I get a p(total) = -50kgm/s
and a v(combined) = -2.5m/s
I get an inital KE of 375J (500J - 125J) and a final KE of 62.5J if I use the new velocity from the momentum equations

So why is energy decreased when they stick together?
My assumption is that the KE of each car gets decreased because they are doing work on each other. This explanation sounds incomplete to me. I'm thinking that the rest of the explanation involves the change in velocity for each car. Here both have a change of 7.5m/s

Any help would be greatly appreciated

When there is a car collision do you hear the wreck? Because there's some sound energy that has to come from somewhere.

When you rapidly bend metal have you ever touched it? You will find that it is warmer I think.

If the car's wrap around each other how much force does it take to simply bend the frames and panels about and over what distances are these forces applied? But does any of that necessarily go back into kinetic energy?

In short all the energies have to come from somewhere, from the smallest like the sound it makes to the largest like what is needed to pretzel the frame. The result is that while momentum conservation can be easily measured still with mass (that didn't change) and velocity, these others are a little harder to quantify.

So the short answer is that momentum translates into momentum. But KE doesn't necessarily translate into KE as there are other forms of energy that it can result in.
 

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