Coordinate systems in the solar system?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the existence and nature of coordinate systems used to describe a planet's position in its orbit, particularly in relation to locating planets in the sky. Participants explore different celestial coordinate systems, including Earth-centered and Sun-centered frameworks, and seek practical resources for finding current celestial coordinates of planets.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about a coordinate system that describes a planet's position in its orbit, suggesting that Mars' coordinates should relate to Earth's position.
  • Another participant clarifies that the typical celestial coordinate system uses a fixed background of stars, employing right ascension and declination, rather than fixing the Sun.
  • A later reply suggests that a time-based system could be relevant, noting the Sun's position at noon and Mars' position at midnight.
  • Participants mention that planetarium programs can provide current coordinates for celestial objects, with one example being Starry Night.
  • Additional resources for finding celestial coordinates are provided, including the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the Horizons system at JPL.
  • One participant shares links to images and resources, which appear to be tangentially related to the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the appropriate coordinate systems for describing planetary positions, with no consensus reached on a specific system that meets the initial inquiry.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes references to various celestial coordinate systems and resources, but lacks a clear resolution on the best approach to describe a planet's position in its orbit.

dotancohen
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I have read the wikipedia page regarding Celestial coordinate systems and searched on google, but I cannot find any coordinate systems which describe a planet's position in it's orbit. Does there exist such a system?

An example use of this system would be in locating the planets in the sky. I know that Mars is near opposition now, so I would expect that Mars' coordinates in such a system to be whatever Earth's position is +~180°.
 
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That's an Earth centered coordinate system, not a sun centered coordinate system. And it isn't how it typically works. The normal one uses the holds the background of stars fixed. It uses right ascention and declination. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system

What you suggest would hold the sun fixed. I guess something based on time would qualify, as the sun is due south at noon (therefore, Mars is due south at midnight right now).
 
I did read that wikipedia article. But where can these coordinates for celestial objects be found, then? What is Mars' value at the moment, and where could I have looked that up myself?

Thanks.
 
Any decent planetarium program will give you the coordinates of an object. I use Starry Night.

At this moment, Mars is at:
RA: 8:39
Dec: 23 degrees 3'
 
dotancohen said:
I did read that wikipedia article. But where can these coordinates for celestial objects be found, then? What is Mars' value at the moment, and where could I have looked that up myself?
You might also want to read up on the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF, see http://rorf.usno.navy.mil/ICRF ) and Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (SOFA, see http://www.iausofa.org/index.html).

As for coordinates for various bodies, the Horizons system at JPL is a very good reference. See http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons.
 
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just something interesting:

http://www.atticusrarebooks.com/jferg11.jpg


http://www.atticusrarebooks.com/jferg8.jpg

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=230432371491
 
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