Scientists use a variety of methods to detect planets in solar systems, including the transit method, radial velocity method, and direct imaging method. These methods involve observing changes in a star's brightness, wobbling motion, or direct light reflecting off a planet, respectively.
Yes, scientists have the technology to detect Earth-like planets in solar systems like ours. However, these planets are typically smaller and harder to detect compared to larger planets, so it requires advanced techniques and technology.
As of 2021, scientists have detected over 4,000 exoplanets (planets outside of our solar system) using various detection methods. Of these, there have been several Earth-like and potentially habitable planets found in solar systems like ours.
While scientists can determine certain characteristics of a planet such as its size, distance from its star, and atmosphere, it is currently not possible to definitively determine if a planet in a solar system is habitable. However, scientists can use data and models to make educated guesses about a planet's potential habitability.
To confirm the existence of a planet in a solar system, scientists need to observe at least three transits (when the planet passes in front of its star) or see consistent variations in the star's brightness or wobbling motion. This confirmation process helps rule out any false positives and validate the presence of a planet.