Determining speed of orbiting object

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the speed required for an object to orbit the Earth at its surface, using the Earth's radius as a key parameter. Participants explore the relationship between gravitational force and centripetal force in the context of orbital mechanics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the calculation of orbital speed and the implications of using the Earth's rotation period. Questions arise regarding the necessity of the Earth's mass for calculations and whether gravitational acceleration depends on mass.

Discussion Status

Some participants have provided insights into the relationship between gravitational and centripetal forces, while others have noted the lack of mass information in the problem statement. There is an ongoing exploration of different approaches to the problem, with some participants realizing alternative methods for calculating the required speed.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention the absence of the Earth's mass in the problem statement and question whether it is necessary for solving the problem. There is also a recognition that gravitational acceleration can be approximated without knowing the mass of the Earth.

brake4country
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Homework Statement


The Earth has a radius of approximately 6400 km. If an object could orbit the Earth just at its surface, how fast would it have to travel?

Homework Equations


C = 2πr; ac=v2/r; Fc=mv2/r

The Attempt at a Solution


Circumference = 12800π. I tried to solve for the rate by d = r x t (86400s = 24 hours) but my answer is very small.
 
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brake4country said:
I tried to solve for the rate by d = r x t
So I suppose you used the time it takes the Earth to rotate (the time of 1 day). If so then what you calculated is actually the speed with which WE are moving relative to the center of Earth right now. But there's no reason an orbiting object should take the same time to complete one cycle. (If it did happen to take the same time, then we would feel weightless!)

brake4country said:

Homework Equations


Fc=mv2/r
This is the force that is required in order to travel in a circle of radius r at a speed of v
In the case of an object orbiting, what is the source of the centripetal force?
 
The source of the centripetal force is the gravitational force from the earth. But no mass was given!
 
brake4country said:
The source of the centripetal force is the gravitational force from the earth. But no mass was given!
Hmm... Does gravitational acceleration depend on mass?
brake4country said:
ac=v2/r
 
Oh, I see: Fg=Fc
GMm/r2 = mv2/r
GM/r = v2
(6.67x10^-11)(6x10^24)/(6.4x10^6) = 7907.6 m/s or 8 km/s
 
brake4country said:
Oh, I see: Fg=Fc
GMm/r2 = mv2/r
GM/r = v2
(6.67x10^-11)(6x10^24)/(6.4x10^6) = 7907.6 m/s or 8 km/s

To answer your question, gravitational acceleration of objects does not depend on mass but I needed the mass of the Earth to calculate this one. The problem did not give it. Am I to know the mass of the earth?
 
Hmmm. I just realized that I could have just used mg = mv2/r since the orbital is very close to the surface. Blah!
 
brake4country said:
Hmmm. I just realized that I could have just used mg = mv2/r since the orbital is very close to the surface. Blah!
Right. :)

I had the same thought, "if they tell you the radius of Earth, they ought to tell you the mass also!" but then I soon realized that you can just use g=9.8 o0)
 
Treat the orbiting mass as negligible (which it is, compared to the earth)
Have a look at the attached sheet.
 

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